Engravings of the year 1646

563-An original sketch of the fortress of Rain, which was besieged and conquered by His Excellency the Field Marshal Carl Gustav Wrangel in 1646.

An original sketch of the fortress of Rain, which was besieged and conquered by His Excellency the Field Marshal Carl Gustav Wrangel in 1646.

Rain, dne 01.01.1646 (do 31.12.1646)

This engraving shows prominent white areas. The town of Rain is – as it is common on these engravings – only sketched, while the fortification walls, bulwark and towers are done in great detail. The French and Swedish access trenches and other fortification constructions of the attackers are near the town. At the right edge of the engraving is an inscription ‘Schwed. Hauptquartier’. There is a short section of the river Lech in the top right corner. The brief explanatory text is in the ornamental ribbon banner above the picture.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Kleinsträtl G. W., Generalquartiermeister, vojenský kartograf

Originální název: Eigentliche Delineatio der Vestung Rayn, wie solche von Ihr. Excell. Herrn Gen. Veldt. M. Carol Gustav Wrangeln belägert und erobert worden. Anno 1646.“ – G. W. Kleinsträtl G. Quartir M. L. delin.

After difficult negotiations the Swedish troops led by Marshal Wrangel finally joined with the French troops of 5000 men led by General Turenne. The allied army then moved across Swabia towards the west borders of Bavaria intending to conquer Augsburg, move rapidly to the east and invade the Austrian inherited lands. However, the siege of Augsburg took longer than expected. In the end, the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm arrived hastily with the Imperial-Bavarian army to help and managed to free the town from the siege. The only success of the Swedish-French army under the command of Wrangel and Turenne was the conquest of the town of Rain situated in the West Bavaria approximately 35 km north of Augsburg. The described military events took place during the year 1646.

398-The siege of Ortebelli with the naval battle between the Spanish and the French. In 1646.

The siege of Ortebelli with the naval battle between the Spanish and the French. In 1646.

Orbetello, dne 01.01.1646 (do 31.12.1646)

The engraving depicts the port of the town of Ortebelli situated on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea directly opposite Corsica. There are many fighting battle ships on the sea. Several firing positions of the artillery batteries are on the mainland, firing at the combating fleets. There is a line of six windmills behind the city and an extensive fortification system, army camps and even fighting infantry units. The above brief word-for-word cited Latin text is in an ornamental ribbon banner at the top left. Another similar banner shows the caption A-G.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Kleinsträtl G. W., Generalquartiermeister, vojenský kartograf

Originální název: Circumsessio Ortebelli cum proelio navali inter Hispanos et Gallos. Anno 1646.

Most of the 17th century witnessed the lengthy war between the slowly decaying medieval world power – Spain and the upcoming dynamic France, which, ruled by the statesmen Richelieu and Mazarin and the kings Louis XIII and Louis XIV was gradually acquiring political and military powers. The war between the French and the Spanish was fought on the Pyrenees borders as well as on the territory of the Spanish Netherlands and in various places in Italy. Moreover, as both countries boasted large and powerful fleets, there were naval battles fought quite far from the homelands of the two countries. The depicted battle was fought on the see and on the Italian mainland in 1646. Italy of the 17th century was a conglomerate of many small and insignificant states that were unable to face the interventions of their powerful neighbours. These world powers (France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire) occupied Italian territories and acquired dominions over which they consequently and relentlessly fought.

390-A ground-plan of the siege of the town of Krems by the Lieutenant General (Feldzeugmeister) Count of Puchheim, which was conquered upon agreement on 6 May 1646.

A ground-plan of the siege of the town of Krems by the Lieutenant General (Feldzeugmeister) Count of Puchheim, which was conquered upon agreement on 6 May 1646.

Krems, dne 06.05.1646

At the bottom of the picture flows the wide river Danube with an island and the town of Krems on its bank. The town is only sketched; its centre is left unfilled. The surrounding countryside is hilly with a zigzagging stream called,Kremswasser’. There is a relatively large square banner with the caption 1-25 and the above-mentioned German explanatory text in the top right corner.

Signace: Franciscus Pironi delin. Elias Wideman sculpsit.
Autor: Wideman Elias, mědirytec

Originální název: Grundriss von der Belägerung der Statt Krems und wie dieselbe von dem Herren General Feldzeugmeistern Herrn Grafen von Puchheimb A. 1646 den 6. Mai mit Accord erobert worden ist.

While the Swedish General Torstensson was besieging Brno (summer months of 1645) the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, a brother of the Emperor, strengthened up his army and was strong enough to get near the left bank of the Danube, which was under the most pressure by the Swedish army. However, Torstensson realising that the massive river is an unsurpassable obstacle, dropped his plans to enter the Austrian hereditary lands from the north and shaken by a serious illness he returned to Bohemia. He resigned to his rank soon after his return to Litoměřice. The Archduke Leopold Wilhelm ordered the General Count Puchheim to force the Swedish out of their strongpoints on the northern bank of the Danube. The conquest of Krems by the Imperial army on 6 May 1646 was part of this campaign. The Swedish garrison left upon agreement.

391-The town of Krems conquered again by the Imperial army in the spring of 1646.

The town of Krems conquered again by the Imperial army in the spring of 1646.

Krems, dne 06.05.1646

The river Danube with an island flows at the top edge of the copper engraving. The town of Krems is on its left bank. The outline of the town with fortification constructions are done in detail while the centre of the town is unfilled. Near the town is the Krems stream. Artillery batteries firing at the town are situated in the near surroundings of the town. There are ballistic trajectories including the hits or effects of the projectiles on the target drawn meticulously.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Wideman Elias, mědirytec

Originální název: Die Statt Crembs wie sie in Früeling des 1646 Jahrs von den Kayserlichen wieder eingenommen worden.

While the Swedish General Torstensson was besieging Brno (summer months of 1645) the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, a brother of the Emperor, strengthened up his army and was strong enough to get near the left bank of the Danube, which was under the most pressure by the Swedish army. However, Torstensson realising that the massive river is an unsurpassable obstacle, dropped his plans to enter the Austrian hereditary lands from the north and shaken by a serious illness he returned to Bohemia. He resigned to his rank soon after his return to Litoměřice. The Archduke Leopold Wilhelm ordered the General Count Puchheim to force the Swedish out of their strongpoints on the northern bank of the Danube. The conquest of Krems by the Imperial army on 6 May 1646 was part of this campaign. The Swedish garrison left upon agreement.

394-An original drawing of the freeing of the city of Augsburg by his Highness Count Leopold Wilhelm the Archduke of Austria and the commanding Generalissimo of the Holy Roman Empire on 13 October 1646.

An original drawing of the freeing of the city of Augsburg by his Highness Count Leopold Wilhelm the Archduke of Austria and the commanding Generalissimo of the Holy Roman Empire on 13 October 1646.

Augsburg, dne 13.05.1646

This engraving depicts a ground-plan of Augsburg with bulwark and the Swedish attacking constructions. The position of the Imperial-Bavarian army is in the south. There is a burning town of Freiberg to the east above the river Bar. The Swedish-French army is at the top right surrounded by several burning villages. There is a square ornamental cartouche with the German explanatory text and the caption A-Z at the bottom right. There is an orienteering compass at the bottom.

Signace: Carl Friedrich Reich Gen. Quart. meister & Obrist del.
Autor: Reich Carl. Friedrich, Generalquartiermeister u. Obrist, kreslíř obrazů a plánů

Originální název: Eigentlicher Abrisz wie von ihr. Hochfürstl. Durchl. Leopold Wilhelm Ertzhertzogen von Ostereich der Röm. Kay. Mt. Gneralissimo etc. die Statt Augspurg entsetzt worden, den 13. Octob. 1646.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2240

The Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, a brother of the Emperor Frederick III, took over the command of the Imperial army after its defeat in the Battle of Jankov in winter 1645. Following lengthy and difficult negotiations, the Marshal Wrangler finally joined his Swedish army with the French forces and the together two allies crossed the Rhine and headed eastwards to invade the Austrian hereditary lands. This eastern campaign was interrupted by a relatively long besiege of Augsburg, which garrison fought back relentlessly. Archduke Leopold, who was marching against the Swedish-French attack, suddenly appeared with his troops on 13 October 1646 at the surrounded Augsburg and freed it from the enemy’s siege.

393-An original drawing of the situation of the Swedish field encampment near Amöneburg as well as the conquest of this place by his Excellency the Field Marshal Carl Gustav Wrangel on 19 June 1646.

An original drawing of the situation of the Swedish field encampment near Amöneburg as well as the conquest of this place by his Excellency the Field Marshal Carl Gustav Wrangel on 19 June 1646.

Amöneburg, dne 19.06.1646

This delicate engraving depicts in much detail the situation around the town of Amöneburg in Hesse. The town atop a hill is only schematically sketched. There are many villages and settlements marked by their names in the surroundings and also several army camps and lined-up troops. The Imperial encampment is at the top right of the print. The German explanatory text is on an unrolled ornamental ribbon banner the top. The caption A-Z is in a rectangular banner at the bottom left.

Signace: G. W. Kleinstratl. fecit.
Autor: Kleinsträtl G. W., Generalquartiermeister, vojenský kartograf

Originální název: Eigentliche Delineation der Situation des Schwedischen Veldtlägers bey Amönenburg, wie auch die Einnehmung selbigen Orts durch Ihr. Excellenz Herrn Feldmarschallen Carol Gustau Wrangeln den 19. Juny 1646.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2233

As soon as the French troops led by Turenne joined the Swedish army commanded by Wrangel, both armies marched to Bavaria to invade the Austrian hereditary lands, despite the complications caused by serious differences in opinions of both commanders. During this campaign the Swedish troops led by Wrangel arrived near the town of Amöneburg situated on the river Werra in Hesse. The Swedish managed to conquer the town despite the Imperial army being in the near vicinity on 16 June 1646. The described cooper engraving depicts this event.

395-A ground-plan of the town of Höxter, which was defeated and conquered by His Excellency the Field Marshal Carl Gustav Wrangel in the year 1645.

A ground-plan of the town of Höxter, which was defeated and conquered by His Excellency the Field Marshal Carl Gustav Wrangel in the year 1645.

Höxter, dne 01.07.1646 (do 31.12.1646)

This is a schematic drawing of the town of Höxter. The outline of the town and the fortifications are done in a great detail while the centre of the town is unfilled. The Swedish attacking fortifications and trenches are around the town in a wide circle. The river Weser is at the top with fortifications on its other bank. Nearby to the left is the Corvey Monastery. There is also a square banner on this side of the picture with the above-mentioned inscription.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Kleinsträtl G. W., Generalquartiermeister, vojenský kartograf

Originální název: Grundrisz der Statt Höxter und wie selbige von Ihr. Excellenz Herrn Feldmarschallen Carol Gustav Wrangel bezwungen und eingenommen worden. 1646.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2233

The Archduke Leopold Wilhelm reinforced his army in 1646 to such extent that he managed to force the Swedish commander Marshal Wrangel to withdraw from Bohemia with his forces. At the same time the Elector of Saxon signed a truce with the Swedish, which made large territories at the rear of the army safe for the Swedish. Therefore Wrangel decided to march northwards. However, the Imperial army was also reinforced by the Bavarian troops and was also moving slowly to the north. Wrangel marched to the Weser occupying the towns Höxter, Paderborn, Stattbergen and Wetzlar, conquering almost the entire Westphalia and Upper Hesse in a relatively short time. Afterwards he tried to ally with the French led by the General Turenne to even up the forces with the Imperial-Bavarian army commanded by the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, which threatened him from the south. The mentioned towns were conquered by the Swedish in the second half of 1646.

396-An original ground-plan of the town of Padeborn, which was conquered by His Excellency the Field Marshal Carl Gustav Wrangel in 1646.

An original ground-plan of the town of Padeborn, which was conquered by His Excellency the Field Marshal Carl Gustav Wrangel in 1646.

Paderborn, dne 01.07.1646 (do 31.12.1646)

This letter-sized picture shows a schematic ground-plan of the town of Paderborn in Westphalia. Only the fortification walls and towers are done in detail. There are four Swedish firing batteries outside the town. There is a  small church drawn at the very bottom. Next to it is a square banner with the above-mentioned German explanatory text. There is an interesting well in the centre of the town, which gave the town its name,Paderborn’ (born = spring).

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Kleinsträtl G. W., Generalquartiermeister, vojenský kartograf

Originální název: Eigentlicher Grundrisz der Statt Paderborn und wie solche von Ihr. Excel. Herrn Veltmarschallen Carol Gustaff Wrangel eingenohmen worden. Anno 1646.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2233

The Archduke Leopold Wilhelm reinforced his army in 1646 to such extent that he managed to force the Swedish commander Marshal Wrangel to withdraw from Bohemia with his forces. At the same time the Elector of Saxon signed a truce with the Swedish, which made large territories at the rear of the army safe for the Swedish. Therefore Wrangel decided to march northwards. However, the Imperial army was also reinforced by the Bavarian troops and was also moving slowly to the north. Wrangel marched to the Weser occupying the towns Höxter, Paderborn, Stattbergen and Wetzlar, conquering almost the entire Westphalia and Upper Hesse in a relatively short time. Afterwards he tried to ally with the French led by the General Turenne to even up the forces with the Imperial-Bavarian army commanded by the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, which threatened him from the south. The mentioned towns were conquered by the Swedish in the second half of 1646.

397-A true geometrical ground-plan of the town of Stattebergen in Westphalia, which was cannonaded and conquered by His Excellency the Field Marshal Carl Gustav Wrangel in 1646.

A true geometrical ground-plan of the town of Stattebergen in Westphalia, which was cannonaded and conquered by His Excellency the Field Marshal Carl Gustav Wrangel in 1646.

Stadtbergen, dne 01.07.1646 (do 31.12.1646)

The town is schematically outlined atop a hill with a river flowing around it. Only a church and several fortification constructions are drawn in detail inside the town. There is a small unnamed village nearby. The Swedish artillery and mortar batteries are firing from four firing positions at the town. There is an oval banner lined with a Lauer wreath with the above-mentioned inscription in the top left corner.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Kleinsträtl G. W., Generalquartiermeister, vojenský kartograf

Originální název: Wahrer geometrischer Grundrisz der Statt Stattbergen in Westphalen gelegen und wie solche von Ihr. Excellenz Herrn Feldmarschallen Carol Gustaff Wrangeln beschossen und erobert worden. Anno 1646.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2233

The Archduke Leopold Wilhelm reinforced his army in 1646 to such extent that he managed to force the Swedish commander Marshal Wrangel to withdraw from Bohemia with his forces. At the same time the Elector of Saxon signed a truce with the Swedish, which made large territories at the rear of the army safe for the Swedish. Therefore Wrangel decided to march northwards. However, the Imperial army was also reinforced by the Bavarian troops and was also moving slowly to the north. Wrangel marched to the Weser occupying the towns Höxter, Paderborn, Stattbergen and Wetzlar, conquering almost the entire Westphalia and Upper Hesse in a relatively short time. Afterwards he tried to ally with the French led by the General Turenne to even up the forces with the Imperial-Bavarian army commanded by the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, which threatened him from the south. The mentioned towns were conquered by the Swedish in the second half of 1646.

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