Engravings of the year 1634

224-A real depiction of the assassination committed in Cheb on 15 February 1634 on the Duke of Friedland and several other Imperial colonels and officers.

A real depiction of the assassination committed in Cheb on 15 February 1634 on the Duke of Friedland and several other Imperial colonels and officers.

Cheb, dne 25.02.1634

The engraving is separated into two parts down the middle. The top part shows the assassination of the officers and supporters of the Duke of Friedland. There is a dining hall filled with many fighting and shooting men, the tables are full of food, the tablecloth is pulled off. The other part of the print portrays Wallenstein in his nightdress. He is standing in the bedroom, with a desk with a burning candle in the background. A four-posted canopy bed is in the corner of the room. Three soldiers are breaking through the door, the first one (Deveroux) is just about to stab Wallenstein with a halberd, a stabbing double-edge weapon with a long shaft. Others are armed by cords.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Eigentliche Vorbildung der zu Eger an dem Herzogen von Friedland und etlich andern Keyserlichen Obristen und Offizieren den 15. Febr. dess 1634 Jahrs verübten Mordthat.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2078

Upon learning about Wallenstein’s treacherous acting and his unquestionable ambition to get onto the Czech throne, the Emperor issued an order to bring him in, dead or alive. In the end, however, the assassination of Wallenstein and his supporters, Illov, Trczka, Kinský and Neumann, in Cheb on 25 February 1634, was the result of an unforeseen situation and the lack of other solutions and had been decided by the Imperial executors just before it was carried out. A banquet was organised in the Chateau of Cheb. Present were, apart from the above-stated, Wallenstein’s supporters and the Imperial Colonels Gordon and Buttler, who pretended cunningly to be friends of the Duke of Friedland. However, the Duke Francis of Saxon-Lauenburg, an admirer and a faithful friend of Wallenstein arrived suddenly and unexpectedly to the town on the same evening. The Imperial confidants perceived him an obvious threat to their plans and decided therefore to act immediately. The feast was in progress, when all of a sudden several officers and soldiers from the Buttler’s regiment burst into the dining hall, shouting:,Who supports the Emperor here?’ Immediately, Gordon and Buttler got up followed by Leslie, and called out:,Vivat Ferdinand’. The intruders threw themselves on the rest of the feasting officers who left their weapons away from the table. Kinský was stabbed to death immediately. Illov died after three strikes while trying to get hold of his cord. Trczka managed to get hold of his weapon and fought back fiercely while shouting insults at Gordon. He broke Deveroux’s cord, killed two dragoons and mortally wounded Hetman Lerd receiving only three cuts onto his face as a heavy leather coat he was wearing protected his body. However, in the end, he was overpowered in the uneven fight and killed. Although Sergeant Major Neumann escaped into the kitchen he too was chased and killed. The bloody event took place at 8 pm, mostly undisturbed, because of a strong wind that howled down all the noise of fighting. Hetman Deveroux and six men armed with halberds then went to Wallenstein’s lodgings. Wallenstein was just getting ready for bed when he heard the unusual noise in the town and the laments of Countesses Kinská and Trczka over their dead husbands. Just as he called up to his guards outside the chamber: ‘What is going on’, the Deveroux’s men overpowered them and got into Wallenstein’s bedroom. Wallenstein stood in his pyjamas near his bed. Deveroux, with his halberd ready, shouted at the duke. ‘You are a scoundrel. You must die!’ Wallenstein did not answer. Once again, Deveroux shouted: ‘You must die!’, and stubbed Wallenstein into his chest, killing him instantly.

228-A true depiction of the town of Memmingen including its siege that took place in the year 1634.

A true depiction of the town of Memmingen including its siege that took place in the year 1634.

Memmingen, dne 01.03.1634 (do 31.03.1634)

The siege of Memmingen is depicted in the centre of the print. The river Iller and the stream Buxach flow nearby. There is a main tent of the Swedish Marshal Gustav Horn on the bank of the river at the top right. The above-stated text is above the picture in an oblong cartouche, the coat-of-arms of Memmingen is on the left, with a laurel wreath wrapped around it. The engraving is remarkable for its delicate work.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Wahrhaffte Contrafactur der Statt Memmingen sampt der Belagerung Anno 1634.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2078

In the first years after the death of Gustav Adolph at Lützen the Swedish military campaigns were planned by Duke Bernhard of Weimar, Field Marshal Gustav Horn and Chancellor Oxenstierna. However, their strategic opinions were usually dissimilar, which caused disagreements. Bernhard of Weimar intended a campaign to the hereditary Austrian lands, Oxenstierna and his son-in-law Gustav Horn thought it more important to fortify and secure the conquered lands. Later Bernhard of Weimar asked Horn to help him conquering the town of Amberg. Horn, however, refused and stayed in the Upper Swabia, which he was busy occupying. His stance was in the line with the opinion of Chancellor Oxenstierna, who also did not consider the conquest of Amberg a good reason for intervention. During his local operations in Upper Swabia Horn also besieged the town of Memmingen, occupied by the Imperial-Bavarian garrison. Memmingen is situated approx. 80 km northeast of Lake Constance. The described siege took place in the spring of 1634.

227-An original depiction of a field battle in the Upper Alsace on 2 March 1634 where His Excellency Count Otto Louis of Rhineland defeated the Imperial regiments.

An original depiction of a field battle in the Upper Alsace on 2 March 1634 where His Excellency Count Otto Louis of Rhineland defeated the Imperial regiments.

Horní Alsasko, dne 02.03.1634

The print depicts the battle between the Imperial and Swedish regiments. A thick forest inscribed: ‚Der Löwen Wald‘ is on the right, in the background is the Chateau Hirtenstein with the river Thur flowing below. The battle of the two armies is in the centre of the picture. The Imperial regiments are fleeing towards the left side of the print. A horse cavalry with buglers is at the bottom right. The caption 1-21 is below the picture, while the German text is above it.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Eigentliche Vorbildung der Feldschlacht im oberen Elsasz den 2. Martii 1634 vorgangen darinn die Kayserliche von Ihr. Excel. Herrn Rheingraf Otto Ludwig geschlagen worden.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2078

This battle took place in the Upper Alsace near Wattweiler approx. 15 km northwest of Mühlhausen near the river Thur. The Imperial regiments commanded by the Count Otto Louis of Rhineland were operating in this area at that time. The depicted battle between the two enemies took place here on 2 March 1634. The Imperial regiments were defeated.

229-An original depiction of a tough battle fought between the Imperial and Electorate-Saxon armies near Legnica in 1634.

An original depiction of a tough battle fought between the Imperial and Electorate-Saxon armies near Legnica in 1634.

Lehnice, dne 03.05.1634

Huge battle turmoil, partially veiled by the smoke from cannons, fills the entire area of the print. The town of Legnica is in the left background. There are some minor military scenes in the foreground drawn with great mastery. The German text is above the picture while the caption A – Q is below it.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Eigentliche Abbildung des hartten Treffens so zwischen den Kays: und Chursächsischen Armeen bey Lignitz vorgangen 1634.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2084

Following the Cheb assassination in February 1634, only weaker Imperial regiments remained in Silesia to fight the Saxons. There was also a smaller Swedish regiment. The Saxons were commanded by the famous General Arnim, who previously fought for the Imperial army. At the time of Wallenstein’s treachery, he was closely involved in the conspiracy, however he played a great role in Wallenstein’s fall later on. A battle between the Arnim’s and Imperial regiments took place on 3 May 1634 near Legnica in Silesia. The Saxons won.

230-An original drawing of a battle fought on 3 May of the year 1634 near Legnica in Silesia, in which the Imperial army was defeated and scattered around by the Swedish-Saxon army.

An original drawing of a battle fought on 3 May of the year 1634 near Legnica in Silesia, in which the Imperial army was defeated and scattered around by the Swedish-Saxon army.

Lehnice, dne 03.05.1634

The town of Legnica in Silesia is portrayed at the very top of the picture. Imperial soldiers are fleeing in the direction of the town. The rest of the painting is filled up by the army formations lined-up in typical squares. In the left foreground are a large tree, 2 cavalrymen, 3 soldiers, a woman with a child and a farmer holding a dog and a hen in his hands.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Eigentlicher Entwurf des Treffens so den 3. May desz 1634 Jahrs bey Lignitz in Schlesien vorgengen, dabei die kayserische Armee von der Schwedisch. und Sächsischen geschlagen und zertrennet worden.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2084

Following the Cheb assassination in February 1634, only weaker Imperial regiments remained in Silesia to fight the Saxons. There was also a smaller Swedish regiment. The Saxons were commanded by the famous General Arnim, who once fought for the Imperial army. At the time of Wallenstein’s treachery, he was closely involved in the conspiracy, however he played a great role in Wallenstein’s fall later on. A battle between the Arnim’s and Imperial regiments took place on 3 May 1634 near Legnica in Silesia. The Saxons won.

234-The siege of the Imperial free city of Regensburg carried out by His Royal Majesty of Hungary and Bohemia, initiated on 15 May 1634 and ended by agreement on 17 July.

The siege of the Imperial free city of Regensburg carried out by His Royal Majesty of Hungary and Bohemia, initiated on 15 May 1634 and ended by agreement on 17 July.

Řezno, dne 15.05.1634 (do 17.07.1634)

This is a large representative copper engraving, which depicts the siege of Regensburg by the Imperial army. There are mountains and the river Danube in the background. The town itself is engraved very clearly and meticulously. There are some military scenes, fortification walls, army camps etc. in the foreground. A factual and topographical captions, A-Z and 1-29, are in an ornamental banner on the right. Nearby are individual cavalrymen and musketeers carrying standards. On the left is a round ornamental cartouche with the coats-of-arms of the city council including a dedication to an unnamed burgomaster by a certain Matthias Hubert. The coat-of-arms of Regensburg, a two-headed eagle with crossed keys is at the top right. The German text cited word-for-word on the previous page is placed in the clouds over the depicted city.

Signace: Matheus Merian fecit.
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Der zu Hungarn und Böheim K. M. Belagerung des h.r.freyen Statt Regenspurg, welche den 15. May Anno 1634 angefangen und den 17. Julii mit Accord vollendet worden.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2085

After the Wallenstein’s assassination in February 1634 the Czech and Hungarian King Ferdinand, a son of Ferdinand II and the later Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, took over the Chief Command of the entire Imperial army. His army advisor became the General Matthias Gallas. This change in the highest army ranks brought about a faster pace of the military campaigns, compared to the last period of the Wallenstein’s hesitant command. The new centre of the renewed fighting became Bavaria, mostly occupied by the Swedish. However, the powers of the Swedish Commander Duke Bernhard Saxon-Weimar were limited due to opinions clashes regarding the strategic planning between him and the General Gustav Horn. While the Imperial Army was moving from Bohemia to Bavaria, Bernhard Weimar was positioned in the West Germany. The advanced Imperial units commanded by Aldringen (killed near Landshut on 12 July 1634) were already threatening Regensburg, occupied by the Swedish at the time. Bernhard of Weimar was marching eastwards but before he could carry out his intention to invade the inherited Austrian lands, he heard that Regensburg, now situated behind him, capitulated on 17 July 1634 and was occupied by the Imperial army. This meant a new reunion of the two main Swedish armies commanded by Gustav Horn and Bernhard of Weimar. Moreover, the situation was quickly forwarding towards the remarkable Battle of Nördlingen, which, for the second time during the war, twisted the powers of the opposing sides, this time in favour of the Imperial-Catholic camp. (The first remarkable twist in the powers of the Thirty Years’ War came after the Battle of Breitenfeld in 1631, where the Protestants, commanded by the Swedish King Gustav Adolph, crashed the Imperial army.)

231-A ground-plan of the siege of the city of Frankfurt, which was besieged by His Excellency Electorate, apart from the General Banner on 13 May, and was conquered on 23 May. In the year 1634.

A ground-plan of the siege of the city of Frankfurt, which was besieged by His Excellency Electorate, apart from the General Banner on 13 May, and was conquered on 23 May. In the year 1634.

Frankfurt, dne 23.05.1634

The print shows the situation (ground-plan) of Frankfurt on the river Oder. The wide flow of Oder spanned by a bridge near Frankfurt cuts off symbolically the top left corner of the print. The town is surrounded by the enemy’s regiments with numerous cannon batteries and army camps. The stated German text is placed in an ornamental cartouche at the top right. The topographic and military caption A-R is above the picture part of the print, included is also a scale in rutheny.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Grundriss der belagerung und Statt Frankfurt, wie solche von Ihr: Churf: Durchl: neben General Banner den 13. May belägert und den folgenden 23 ditoerobert worden. Anno 1634.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2085

During the period after the Wallenstein’s assassination, the Saxon-Swedish regiments were positioned in the Upper Silesia and surrounding territories, operating against the relatively weaker Imperial army, which remained here after Wallenstein’s departure to the west. Among others, the Swedish-Saxon regiments besieged and conquered the town of Frankfurt on Oder, on 23 May 1634.

232-A ground-plan of the siege of the city of Frankfurt, which was besieged by His Excellency Electorate, apart from the General Banner on 13 May, and was conquered on 23 May. In the year 1634.

A ground-plan of the siege of the city of Frankfurt, which was besieged by His Excellency Electorate, apart from the General Banner on 13 May, and was conquered on 23 May. In the year 1634.

Frankfurt, dne 23.05.1634

The print shows the situation (ground-plan) of Frankfurt on the river Oder. The wide flow of Oder spanned by a bridge near Frankfurt cuts off the top left corner of the print. The town is surrounded by the enemy’s regiments with numerous cannon batteries and army camps. The stated German text is placed in an ornamental cartouche at the top right. The topographic and military caption A-R is above the picture part of the print, included is also a scale in rutheny.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Grundriss der belagerung und Statt Frankfurt, wie solche von Ihr: Churf: Durchl: neben General Banner den 13. May belägert und den folgenden 23 ditoerobert worden. Anno 1634.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2085

During the period after the Wallenstein’s assassination, the Saxon-Swedish regiments were positioned in the Upper Silesia and surrounding territories, operating against the relatively weaker Imperial army, which remained here after Wallenstein’s departure to the west. Among others, the Swedish-Saxon regiments besieged and conquered the town of Frankfurt on Oder, on 23 May 1634.

553-An original outline of the fort of Rheinfelden, which was besieged and conquered by the Swedish. 1634.

An original outline of the fort of Rheinfelden, which was besieged and conquered by the Swedish. 1634.

Rheinfelden, dne 01.07.1634 (do 31.08.1634)

The town of Rheinfelden with its high church spire is outlined in the centre of the engraving. Outside the town is: ‚Herr Gen. Maior Exc. Reingraff Johann Philips quartier‘, and nearby to the right: ‚ Auszug der Kayserlichen‘. There are mountain ridges in the background. The river Rhine flows across the painting. Army camps and cannon batteries are in the foreground. There are even ballistic tracks of the cannonballs falling on the town outlined. In the left foreground are three cavalrymen.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Eigentliche Delineation der Festung Rheinfelden, wie dieselbe von den Schwedischen belägert und eingenommen worden. 1634.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2085

Bernhard Saxon-Weimar, Marshal Gustav Horn and Chancellor Oxenstierna fell apart at the beginning of 1634 over their different opinions regarding the planning of military campaigns. Bernhard Saxon-Weimar intended to invade the inherited Austrian lands, while Horn and the Swedish Chancellor first wanted to ensure properly their positions in the conquered territories. Gustav Horn carried out local operations in Swabia, among them the seize of the town of Rheinfelden, occupied by the Imperial army. These events took place still before the battle of Nördlingen fought in summer 1634.

233-An original depiction of the town of Landshut in Bavaria besieged by the Swedish - Evangelic Federation, in the year 1634.

An original depiction of the town of Landshut in Bavaria besieged by the Swedish - Evangelic Federation, in the year 1634.

Landshut, dne 12.07.1634

The engraving shows the town of Landshut in a beautifully drawn countryside. A huge fire broke out in the town, covering it with clouds of smoke. The Imperial army is running away on the other bank of the river Isar. There are 2 cavalry and some infantry soldiers in the left foreground. The coat-of-arms of Landshut with three hats is drawn above the town. The caption A-L is at the bottom..

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Eigentliche Contfactur der Statt Landshut in Bayern sampt der Schwedisch und Evangelischen Bunds Belagerung Anno 1634.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2085

There were disagreements of the military strategic opinions of Bernhard of Weimar and Gustav Horn. Horn took his troops to besiege the town of Forchheim while Bernhard of Weimar marched against the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria, who arrived with the Spanish army. However, upon hearing the news that Regensburg was endangered Bernhard of Weimar and Horn joined their armies again on 2 July near Augspurk and together set out towards Landshut. They attacked the town on 12 July 1634. At the very moment the Imperial General Aldringen was just entering the town from the other side. A fierce fight broke out in the town, in which the Imperial regiments were crushed. The General Aldringen was hit by two bullets and drowned during the chaotic escape of the Imperial soldiers across the river Isar.

554-An outline of the siege of the town of Regensburg, which was handed over according to agreement to the Imperial army in 1634.

An outline of the siege of the town of Regensburg, which was handed over according to agreement to the Imperial army in 1634.

Řezno, dne 16.07.1634

The Danube river flows across the picture with the town of Regensburg along its banks. The river Regen, which spills into branches in the Bavarian part of the Bohemian Šumava Forest, flows into the Danube from the left side. Two cavalrymen are portrayed in the left foreground. The Imperial army camp inscribed: ‚Königs in Ungern Läger‘ is in the top left corner. The caption A-S is at the bottom left.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Abris der belägerung der Statt Regenspurg wie solche den 16. Juli den Keyserischen mit Accord über geben worden 1634.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2085

Following the murder of Wallenstein in February 1634 the chief command of the Imperial army went to Ferdinand III, a son of Ferdinand II. The General Matthias Gallas was his right hand and proving himself excellently during this period of his military activities. The Imperial army sat out to march to Bavaria. One of their first important deeds was the conquest of Regensburg, which was handed over to them upon agreement on 16 July 1634. Immediately afterwards the war issues were ready for the remarkable Battle of Nördlingen, which meant a completely new twist in the forces of the Thirty Years’ War.

235-A depiction and a description of the free Imperial city of Regensburg, which was captured by His Excellency Count Duke Bernhard of Weimar, and following a siege lasting several months by his Majesty in Hungary on behalf of his Imperial Majesty handed over again upon a good agreement on 28 July 1634.

A depiction and a description of the free Imperial city of Regensburg, which was captured by His Excellency Count Duke Bernhard of Weimar, and following a siege lasting several months by his Majesty in Hungary on behalf of his Imperial Majesty handed over again upon a good agreement on 28 July 1634.

Řezno, dne 28.07.1634

The city of Regensburg on the river Danube with an island and two bridges lies in the background of the engraving. Its suburb with two high spires is on the left. The Swedish army is just retreating from it. A cavalry regiment is at the bottom right. A small banner with the inscription: ‚Bischofspalast‘ is placed above it. The coat-of-arms of the city (two crossed keys) and an inscription: ‚Ratisbona- Regenspurg‘ is in the sky over the city.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Abbildung und Beschreibung der Freyen Statt Regenspurg wie sie von Ihr: Fürstl: Gnaden Hertzog Bernhard von Weimar etc. einbekommen und den 18. 28. July 1634 Ihrer Königlichen Majestät in Ungarn im Namen Kays. Mayt. nach etlich Monat langer Belägerung mit gutem Accordo widerum übergeben worden.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2085

After the Wallenstein’s assassination in February 1634 the Czech and Hungarian King Ferdinand, a son of Ferdinand II and the later Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, took over the Chief Command of the entire Imperial army. His army advisor became the General Matthias Gallas. This change in the highest army ranks brought about a faster pace of the military campaigns, compared to the last period of the Wallenstein’s hesitant command. The new centre of the renewed fighting became Bavaria, mostly occupied by the Swedish. However, the powers of the Swedish Commander Duke Bernhard Saxon-Weimar were limited due to opinions clashes regarding the strategic planning between him and the General Gustav Horn. While the Imperial Army was moving from Bohemia to Bavaria, Bernhard Weimar was positioned in the West Germany. The advanced Imperial units commanded by Aldringen (killed near Landshut on 12 July 1634) were already threatening Regensburg, occupied by the Swedish at the time. Bernhard of Weimar was marching eastwards but before he could carry out his intention to invade the inherited Austrian lands, he heard that Regensburg, now situated behind him, capitulated on 17 July 1634 and was occupied by the Imperial army. This meant a new reunion of the two main Swedish armies commanded by Gustav Horn and Bernhard of Weimar. Moreover, the situation was quickly forwarding towards the remarkable Battle of Nördlingen, which, for the second time during the war, twisted the powers of the opposing sides, this time in favour of the Imperial-Catholic camp. (The first remarkable twist in the powers of the Thirty Years’ War came after the Battle of Breitenfeld in 1631, where the Protestants, commanded by the Swedish King Gustav Adolph, crashed the Imperial army.)

237-Nördlingen in the Imperial Swabia.

Nördlingen in the Imperial Swabia.

Nördlingen, dne 27.08.1634

The print shows the overall view of the city of Nördlingen situated in the Western Bavaria near the border with Württemberg, approx. 80 km northwest of Augsburg. There is an unrolled ribbon banner in the sky over the landscape with the French inscription stated on the previous page. There are several military regiments with carriages in the foreground. A high officer with a report giving adjutant is depicted on the left. A large tree stands nearby and there is a church on a hillock on the right. The caption A-V is below the picture. This is a copper engraving of French origin of a high artistic quality. Although there is no signature, it shows many characteristics of the engraving techniques of Jacques Callot. It is remarkable that apart from the topographical caption the position of Nördlingen and its surrounding is also given according to modern cartographic customs in the longitudes and latitudes.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Nördlingen en Suabe Imp.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2085

The city of Nördlingen was besieged by the Imperial army shortly before the battle started on 27 August 1634. Bernhard Saxon-Weimar arrived with his army to liberate the city from the siege and situated his army on a hill near Bopfingen, where he was joined by the Marshal Gustav Horn. The critical situation of the city garrison was growing more and more serious. In the end, their appeals for help made Bernhard of Weimar to forget Horn’s doubts, to carry out his idea and to attack the Imperial army. Horn’s advice was to postpone the attack and wait for the arrival of the Count Otto Louis of the Rhineland, for who a messenger Colonel Kratz was hastily sent. However, the Swedish army was ordered to attack the Imperial regiments besieging Nördlingen, and the battle broke out.

238-An outline of an army formation and the Battle of Nördlingen on 6 September 1634.

An outline of an army formation and the Battle of Nördlingen on 6 September 1634.

Nördlingen, dne 06.09.1634

This wide print depicts the Battle of Nördlingen. The Imperial army is on the right side and the Swedish on the left in a forest. The city of Nördlingen is painted nearby on the right. A small scene with a colonel and buglers is depicted in the right foreground. The entire area of the print is filled up by fighting regiments. The Latin inscription cited word-for-word on the previous page is placed in an ornamental cartouche at the top right. The caption A-Z and 1-42 is below the picture.

Signace: M. Merian fecit
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Delineatio aciei et pugnae ad Nördlingam VI. Septembris Ao MDCXXXIV.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2085

The battle of Nördlingen fought on 27 August 1634 meant a serious twist into the powers of the two fighting religious movements and opposed armies. Once again, the Imperial-Catholic camp was winning. The command of the Swedish army went to the hands of the Duke Bernhard of Saxon-Weimar, the Marshal Gustav Horn and the Chancellor Oxenstierna after the death of the King Gustav Adolph at the battle of Lützen. However, the Duke of Weimar and Horn were never able to agree on the strategic and tactical issues. Bernhard of Weimar was a go-ahead impulsive and aggressive attacker while Horn was a careful, thoughtful and a rather passive strategist. Such contradictory military attitude of the two commanders had a tragic impact on the battle of Nördlingen as the command was united and not held by one person, as it had been during the Swedish successful fighting under the command of the King Gustav Adolph. However, some large changes at the highest ranks happened also in the Imperial army. The assassinated Wallenstein was replaced by the young Bohemian and Hungarian king Ferdinand, who later became the Emperor after the death of his father. His right hand, military advisor and the person behind the military successes was the experienced General Matthias Gallas. The young king left the command to Gallas which was a far-seeing move that largely contributed to the victory of the Imperial army. Following a full day of fierce fighting that brought many crises and unexpected twists at both sides the Swedish army was crushed. The Imperialists had 33000 men while Swedish only 26000. Field Marshal Horn was captured by the cavalry of General John of Werth while Duke Saxon-Weimar only narrowly escaped the same destiny. The Imperialists captured 170 banners and standards and 80 cannons. Not only where the losses on the Swedish side enormous but all the cavalry carriages and supplies fell into the hands of the Imperial army. Bernhard Saxon-Weimar arrived with his army to liberate the city from the siege and situated his army on a hill near Bopfingen, where he was joined by the Marshal Gustav Horn. The critical situation of the city garrison was growing more and more serious. In the end, their appeals for help made Bernhard of Weimar to forget Horn’s doubts, to carry out his idea and to attack the Imperial army. Horn’s advice was to postpone the attack and wait for the arrival of the Count Otto Louis of the Rhineland, for who a messenger Colonel Kratz was hastily sent. However, the Swedish army was ordered to attack the Imperial regiments besieging Nördlingen, and the battle broke out.

[Log In]   [webmaster]
web 30letavalka  |  Hrad Český Šternberg  ©2014-2025