Engravings of the year 1622

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Eigentliche Delineation der Statt und Vestung Hanau.

The town and fortress of Hanau is located very close to the battlefield of Hochst, where a great battle between Tilly and Christian of Brunswick – Halberstadt took place on 20 June 1622. In the context of this battle, there were without any doubt combat actions near Hanau which thematically inspired the author of this graphic to picture the town.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Wahre Abcontrafaitung der berümbten Vestung Gulch vom Herrn Graven Heinrich von Berg im Namen Röm. Kai. mt. den 5. September Annno 1621 geschen von newem abgeressen den 12. Decb. Anno 1622 den 3. Februar mitt Accord genommen.

Truce between the Netherlands and Spain only existed from 1609 to 1621. Then there were military conflicts between both countries again; the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire took the side of Spain. The Spaniards were lead by Marquise Spinola, Henry, Count of Berg was the commander of imperial forces. The siege of the Jülich fortress, which lies approximately 30 km to the west from Cologne, and which was conquered by general Berg on 3 February 1622, was one of the first joined battle actions against the Netherlands. The emperor's interest in the campaign was caused by the fact that House of Habsburg owned certain, very extensive, lands in the Netherlands (currently Belgium). The alliance with Spain was conditioned by common Catholic religion and the affinity of ruling houses. The House of Habsburg ownership of lands in the Netherlands lasted up to Napoleon I.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Keller G., mědirytec

Originální název: Abrisz der Festung Gülch wie dieselbe von den Spanischen eingenommen worden ist. 162.. (1622).

Truce between the Netherlands and Spain only existed from 1609 to 1621. Then there were military conflicts between both countries again; the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire took the side of Spain. The Spaniards were lead by Marquise Spinola, Henry, Count of Berg was the commander of imperial forces. The siege of the Jülich fortress, which lies approximately 30 km to the west from Cologne, and which was conquered by general Berg on 3 February 1622, was one of the first joined battle actions against the Netherlands. The emperor's interest in the campaign was caused by the fact that House of Habsburg owned certain, very extensive, lands in the Netherlands (currently Belgium). The alliance with Spain was conditioned by common Catholic religion and the affinity of ruling houses. The House of Habsburg ownership of lands in the Netherlands lasted up to Napoleon I.

Signace: H. C. Gyger desig.
Autor: Gyger H. C., mědirytec

Originální název: Wahrhaffte Verzeichnus desz Prattigöws der Herrschaft Meyenfeldt Gelegenheit umb Chur und angrenzender Landschaften sampt dem Treffen so die Pündtner mit ihren Feinnden gethan. Im Jahr 1622.

Already during the Reformation in 16th century, persistent conflicts and fights between Catholics and Calvinists were occurring in the Swiss canton Graubünden; these culminated in notorious slaughter of Calvinists and Protestants in Valtellina. In 1620, Swiss and Spanish army invaded Graubünden and garrisoned the entire land. However, constant fights with local population were occurring during this period – until the Calvinists managed to conquer the Chur fortress on 22 May 1622. The imperial-Spanish army, lead by colonel Balderon, withdrew. The reasons of the imperial campaign into Graubünden were not only religious, but in the first place, there was a strategic interest to seize important Alpine mountain passes. For the imperial ally – Spain, these passes were of vital importance, because they were a part of the so-called Spanish road, which enabled the Spanish crown to supply the armies in the Netherlands and in the Holy Roman Empire with supplies and soldiers. Because of Dutch ships and pirates, the sea route was off-limits for Spain.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Gyger H. C., mědirytec

Originální název: Grundriss der Statt Hagenau.

After the defeat of the Bohemian revolt in 1620, the war moved to lands to the west from Cheb – into Upper Palatinate, where, however, the situation of marshal of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, Ernst von Mansfeld, became very difficult, mostly because of epidemic outbreak and because of strong pressure of Tilly's army from the south. That was why Mansfeld decided to withdraw to Rhenish Palatinate. He performed this tactic movement so skilfully that his enemies were completely surprised. The Spanish army, lead by Spinola and Cordoba, laid in Rhenish Palatinate; however, Mansfeld had avoided any encounter, taken Hagenau and forced the city to pay 100 000 gold pieces. Then he moved to Saarland because of supply reasons and he left a garrison in Hagenau. In the meantime, a situation, which lead to Tilly's victory over Protestant armies near Wimpfen on 8 May 1622, was created. After an unsuccessful attempt to take the city of Zabern in Alsace, Mansfeld returned to Hagenau, where in the meantime emperor's brother, archduke Leopold, was trying to reoccupy the city that was taken by Mansfeld. Five days before Tilly's victory at Wimpfen, Mansfeld had liberated Hagenau from encirclement of Leopold's armies at the eleventh hour; Leopold's armies retreated hastily.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Gyger H. C., mědirytec

Originální název: Abrisz der Schlacht, so zwischen Herrn Markgrafen von Durlach und Monsieur Tilly, als Kays. und Bayerischen Generalen vorgangen.

The first phase of the Thirty Years' War ended in the defeat of the Bohemian revolt. The centre of the combat moved from the Bohemia to the Rhine Palatinate, hereditary territory of Frederick V, Elector Palatine. He was regarded as the main representative of the Protestant opposition in the Empire by the Emperor. Frederick V, Elector Palatine's power position was shaken by the defeat of the revolting troops in the Battle of the White Mountain in 1620. But he was not alone in his fight. Many of his followers were involved in the campaign: Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Christian the Younger of Brunswick, Ernest von Mansfeld and many more. They also received support from abroad, notably from the King James I of England, who was the father-in-law of Frederick V, Elector Palatine. The main commander of the Imperial-Bavarian army, who was appointed to lead the combat in the Palatinate, was the General Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly. One of the important events of the Palatinate campaign was the Battle of Wimpfen on 6 May 1622. Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach encountered Tilly with the Spanish General Córdoba. Luck was on the side of the Catholic forces. Due to successful strategic actions, Tilly and Córdoba had a strong superiority. George Friedrich relied only on his 'wagenburg' – outdated tactics of armed wagons. The battle lasted from early morning until noon, when Tilly withdrew his troops to have a rest into the nearby Dornet forest. Margrave of Baden-Durlach had armed wagons in the middle of his formations and in the background, there is another group of armed wagons with supplies of ammunition. In the afternoon, Tilly launched a new attack on the 'wagenburg', which was unsuccessful at first but later he managed to destroy the ammunition supply by precise artillery which caused confusion in the Protestant army. Tilly’s troops then intruded into the enemy’s position and, at the same time, joined the attack of the Córdoba’s cavalry that consistently finished their task. The Protestant troops fled back over the Böllinger stream, which flowed behind them, but the only bridge was insufficient for a quick escape of the disorganized, defeated and completely destroyed army. Margrave of Baden-Durlach lost virtually the whole army here, so he withdrew hurriedly with only small remnants. He then sought refuge outside Germany, because the Emperor had given him the imperial ban.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Gyger H. C., mědirytec

Originální název: Eigentliche Vorbildung des berübtnen Treffens so zwischen dem Markgrafen von Durlach und General Tilly bey Wimpfen vorgangen. Anno 1622 7. Mai.

Katalogová čísla:
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 8470

The first phase of the Thirty Years' War ended in the defeat of the Bohemian revolt. The centre of the combat moved from the Bohemia to the Rhine Palatinate, hereditary territory of Frederick V, Elector Palatine. He was regarded as the main representative of the Protestant opposition in the Empire by the Emperor. Frederick V, Elector Palatine's power position was shaken by the defeat of the revolting troops in the Battle of the White Mountain in 1620. But he was not alone in his fight. Many of his followers were involved in the campaign: Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Christian the Younger of Brunswick, Ernest von Mansfeld and many more. They also received support from abroad, notably from the King James I of England, who was the father-in-law of Frederick V, Elector Palatine. The main commander of the Imperial-Bavarian army, who was appointed to lead the combat in the Palatinate, was the General Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly. One of the important events of the Palatinate campaign was the Battle of Wimpfen on 6 May 1622. George Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach encountered Tilly with the Spanish General Córdoba. Luck was on the side of the Catholic forces. Due to successful strategic actions, Tilly and Córdoba had a strong superiority. George Friedrich relied only on his 'wagenburg' – outdated tactics of armed wagons. The battle lasted from early morning until noon, when Tilly withdrew his troops to have a rest into the nearby Dornet forest. Margrave of Baden-Durlach had armed wagons in the middle of his formations and in the background, there is another group of armed wagons with supplies of ammunition. In the afternoon, Tilly launched a new attack on the 'wagenburg', which was unsuccessful at first, but later, he managed to destroy the ammunition supply by precise artillery which caused confusion in the Protestant army. Tilly’s troops then intruded into the enemy’s position and, at the same time, joined the attack of the Córdoba’s cavalry that consistently finished their task. The Protestant troops fled back over the Böllinger stream, which flowed behind them, but the only bridge was insufficient for a quick escape of the disorganized, defeated and completely destroyed army. Margrave of Baden-Durlach lost virtually the whole army here, so he withdrew hurriedly with only small remnants. He then sought refuge outside Germany, because the Emperor had given him the imperial ban.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Gyger H. C., mědirytec

Originální název: Aigentliche Abbildung und kurze Erzelung deren zwischen der kayserlichen und Markgraff. Durlach Mansfeld und Pfalzischen Armaden den 26. April / 6. Mai 1622 zwischen Wimpffen und Haibron gehaltenen Blutigen Schlacht und Haupttreffens.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1575
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 8470

The first phase of the Thirty Years' War ended with a defeat of the Czech Estate Revolt. The seat of battles moved from Bohemia to Palatinate, hereditary region of Frederick V, Elector Palatine. The emperor considered him to be the main representative of the Protestant opposition in the empire. The position of power of Frederick V, Elector Palatine was endangered by the defeat of Estate army in the Battle of White Mountain in 1620. However, he was not alone in his fight. Many of his followers joined the fight: George Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Christian the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Ernst von Mansfeld and others. They were also supported by foreign countries, namely by the English king James I, who was a father-in-law of Frederick V, Elector Palatine. General Johann Tserclaes Tilly was the chief commander of the imperial-Bavarian army and was charged with fighting in the Palatinate. The Battle of Wimpfen on 6 May 1622 was one of the important events of the Palatinate campaign. George Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach met Tilly and Spanish general Cordoba in battle here. Catholic forces were more fortunate. Because of more successful strategic tactics, Tilly and Cordoba had a strong superiority in numbers. George Frederick relied only on his “wagenburg” – obsolete tactics of armed carts. The battle lasted from early morning till noon, when Tilly withdrew his forces to rest to the near Dornet forest. Margrave of Durlach had placed the armed carts in the centre of his ranks and another group of armed carts with ammunition in the rear. In the afternoon, Tilly had commenced a new attack on the “wagenburg”, which was futile initially, but later, precision artillery fire managed to hit the ammunition, which exploded and caused panic in the Protestant army. Tilly's forces then penetrated the position of the enemy easily and at the same time, Cordoba's cavalry attacked and finished the battle. The Protestant forces were fleeing over the Bellingr brook, which flew directly behind their positions, however, single bridge was not sufficient for the retreat of disorganised, defeated army, which was completely crushed. Margrave of Durlach lost almost the entire army, and he withdrew quickly with small remains of his army. Margrave himself sought refuge outside of Germany, because the emperor issued an imperial anathema upon him.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Gyger H. C., mědirytec

Originální název: Contrafactur des Treffens zwischen der Churf: Bayr: Spanisch und Braunschwigen Armaden bey Höchst.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1575
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 8470

The second part of the Thirty Years' War was the Palatine war. It followed after the defeat of the Bohemian Revolt on the White Mountain in 1620. Imperial, Bavarian and Spanish armies stood on one side and they were resisted by armies of several German Protestant nobles, who relied mostly upon the financial aid of the English king James I, who supported the interests of his son-in-law, Frederick V, Elector Palatine, with substantial sums of money. These were: Ernst von Mansfeld, field marshal of the “Winter King”, Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach and Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, who, with his army, stood on the right shore of Main under Frankfurt. Near the town of Höchst, the units of Duke of Brunswick built a bridge over Main, so that they could join the Mansfeld's army, which laid nearby on the other shore. However, when Tilly's army, which wanted to defend Frankfurt, appeared, the Duke of Brunswick and his army fought back. Tilly's forces had superior numbers and they had more artillery. The tactical situation of the Protestant army was bad – for case of retreat, there was nothing but one, quickly built bridge over Main. The battle was not a typical field battle; it was an unclear clash of forces near the town of Höchst and villages named Schäferberg and Sossenheim. Christian Brunswick was being constantly pushed to retreat by the bigger Catholic army and consistent artillery fire. However, the Protestant army lost the most men while retreating. Many men drowned in Main during the confused retreat. A confused crowd of retreating units, which did not manage to cross to the other shore in time, assembled at the bridge in Höchst. The formations of Christian Brunswick resisted heroically, but the result of combat could not be changed any more. Christian Brunswick had achieved his tactical plan to join his and Mansfeld troops, but it cost him 2 000 men. The Catholics probably lost only a little over 100 men.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Gyger H. C., mědirytec

Originální název: Wahrer und gewisser Bericht sambt Abbildung welcher Gestalt Herzog Christian zu Braunschweig das Churf: Maintzische Stättlin Höchst eingenommen auch wie dessen Armada von den sämbtlichen Kayserlichen Armeen den 20. Juni N.C. oder 10. A.C. dieses lauffenden 1622 Jahrs bey Höchst geschlagen und zerstreut worden. Gedruckt im Jahr 1622

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1584
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 8470

The second part of the Thirty Years' War was the Palatine war. It followed after the defeat of the Bohemian Revolt on the White Mountain in 1620. Imperial, Bavarian and Spanish armies stood on one side and they were resisted by armies of several German Protestant nobles, who relied mostly upon the financial aid of the English king James I, who supported the interests of his son-in-law, Frederick V, Elector Palatine, with substantial sums of money. These were: Ernst von Mansfeld, field marshal of the “Winter King”, Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach and Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, who, with his army, stood on the right shore of Main under Frankfurt. Near the town of Höchst, the units of Duke of Brunswick built a bridge over Main, so that they could join the Mansfeld's army, which laid nearby on the other shore. However, when Tilly's army, which wanted to defend Frankfurt, appeared, the Duke of Brunswick and his army fought back. Tilly's forces had superior numbers and they had more artillery. The tactical situation of the Protestant army was bad – for case of retreat, there was nothing but one, quickly built bridge over Main. The battle was not a typical field battle; it was an unclear clash of forces near the town of Höchst and villages named Schäferberg and Sossenheim. Christian Brunswick was being constantly pushed to retreat by the bigger Catholic army and consistent artillery fire. However, the Protestant army lost the most men while retreating. Many men drowned in Main during the confused retreat. A confused crowd of retreating units, which did not manage to cross to the other shore in time, assembled at the bridge in Höchst. The formations of Christian Brunswick resisted heroically, but the result of combat could not be changed any more. Christian Brunswick had achieved his tactical plan to join his and Mansfeld troops, but it cost him 2 000 men. The Catholics probably lost only a little over 100 men.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Gyger H. C., mědirytec

Originální název: Wahre Vorbildung des Stettleins Höcchst und der beiliegenden Gelegenheit sampt der Schlacht so zwischen der Kays: und Braunsch: Armee geschehe 1622.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1584
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 8473

The second part of the Thirty Years' War was the Palatine war. It followed after the defeat of the Bohemian Revolt on the White Mountain in 1620. Imperial, Bavarian and Spanish armies stood on one side and they were resisted by armies of several German Protestant nobles, who relied mostly upon the financial aid of the English king James I, who supported the interests of his son-in-law, Frederick V, Elector Palatine, with substantial sums of money. These were: Ernst von Mansfeld, field marshal of the “Winter King”, Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach and Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, who, with his army, stood on the right shore of Main under Frankfurt. Near the town of Höchst, the units of Duke of Brunswick built a bridge over Main, so that they could join the Mansfeld's army, which laid nearby on the other shore. However, when Tilly's army, which wanted to defend Frankfurt, appeared, the Duke of Brunswick and his army fought back. Tilly's forces had superior numbers and they had more artillery. The tactical situation of the Protestant army was bad – for case of retreat, there was nothing but one, quickly built bridge over Main. The battle was not a typical field battle; it was an unclear clash of forces near the town of Höchst and villages named Schäferberg and Sossenheim. Christian Brunswick was being constantly pushed to retreat by the bigger Catholic army and consistent artillery fire. However, the Protestant army lost the most men while retreating. Many men drowned in Main during the confused retreat. A confused crowd of retreating units, which did not manage to cross to the other shore in time, assembled at the bridge in Höchst. The formations of Christian Brunswick resisted heroically, but the result of combat could not be changed any more. Christian Brunswick had achieved his tactical plan to join his and Mansfeld troops, but it cost him 2 000 men. The Catholics probably lost only a little over 100 men.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Gyger H. C., mědirytec

Originální název: Abrisz der Statt Bergen op Zoom, wie solche von Marquis Spinola belägert, hingegen von Stadtischen starck defendirt worden. 1622.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1584
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 8473

Spain – as a Catholic great power under the reign of Spanish side of the House of Habsburg – was an ally of the Habsburg monarchy in the battle against Frederick V, Elector Palatine and his allies. Apart from the war in the empire, another war erupted in the Netherlands. Calvinist Netherlands supported anti-Catholic forces in the empire. The siege of Bergen op Zoom by armies of general Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases from 18 July to 2 August 1622 was a part of this conflict between Spain and the Netherlands. However, the Battle of Fleurus on 29 August 1622 had put everything into motion. The Protestant army, lead by Mansfeld and Christian Brunswick, managed to fight through to the Netherlands, even though they suffered heavy losses, and they joined the Dutch army of Maurice, Prince of Orange. Spinola's siege of Bergen op Zoom was not safe any more, and thus he had to terminate the siege. Christian Brunswick lost an arm in this battle.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Gyger H. C., mědirytec

Originální název: Abrisz der Statt Bergen op Zoom sampt dem spänischen Läger im Jahr 1622.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1584
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 8473

Spain – as a Catholic great power under the reign of Spanish side of the House of Habsburg – was an ally of the Habsburg monarchy in the battle against Frederick V, Elector Palatine and his allies. Apart from the war in the empire, another war erupted in the Netherlands. Calvinist Netherlands supported anti-Catholic forces in the empire. The siege of Bergen op Zoom by armies of general Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases from 18 July to 2 August 1622 was a part of this conflict between Spain and the Netherlands. However, the Battle of Fleurus on 29 August 1622 had put everything into motion. The Protestant army, lead by Mansfeld and Christian Brunswick, managed to fight through to the Netherlands, even though they suffered heavy losses, and they joined the Dutch army of Maurice, Prince of Orange. Spinola's siege of Bergen op Zoom was not safe any more, and thus he had to terminate the siege. Christian Brunswick lost an arm in this battle.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Gyger H. C., mědirytec

Originální název: Wahrer und eigentlicher Abrisz der starcken Vestung Pfaffenmütz, welche von ihrer Fürstl: Durchl: Newburgerischer Armata zu beyden Seiten des Reyhns, wie auch zu Wasser belägert wordem, im Jahr 1622 den 25. Julij. Gedruckt im Jahr 1622.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1584
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 8476

In the second part of the Thirty Years' War, the battles moved from Bohemia to Palatinate. At that time, Dutchmen, who were Calvinists and supported Frederick V, Elector Palatinate, had taken the Rhineland island of Pfaffenmütz near Bonn. Soon after Battle of Höchst, where the army of Christian Brunswick–Wolfenbüttel was defeated by general Tilly on 10 June 1622, the island fortress of Pfaffenmütz was besieged by Neuburg and (according to this engraving) Spanish armies on 25 July 1622. Neuburg is a city on Danube, approximately 25 km to the west from Ingolstadt and the capital of so-called Neuburg Palatinate, whose rulers were relatives of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, but who stood on the side of Maxmilian I, Elector of Bavaria and his Catholic league. The Spanish forces were lead by general Hendrik van den Bergh.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Gyger H. C., mědirytec

Originální název: Abbildung der holländischen Schantz Pfaffenmütz zwischen Köln und Bonn im Rhein erbowen. Anno 1622.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1584
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 8476

In the second part of the Thirty Years' War, the battles moved from Bohemia to Palatinate. At that time, Dutchmen, who were Calvinists and supported Frederick V, Elector Palatinate, had taken the Rhineland island of Pfaffenmütz near Bonn. Soon after Battle of Höchst, where the army of Christian Brunswick–Wolfenbüttel was defeated by general Tilly on 10 June 1622, the island fortress of Pfaffenmütz was besieged by Neuburg and (according to this engraving) Spanish armies on 25 July 1622. Neuburg is a city on Danube, approximately 25 km to the west from Ingolstadt and the capital of so-called Neuburg Palatinate, whose rulers were relatives of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, but who stood on the side of Maxmilian I, Elector of Bavaria and his Catholic league. The Spanish forces were lead by general Hendrik van den Bergh.

Signace: Rytina tištěna v tiskárně Jana Amelissza v Utrechtu.
Autor: Zeidlerus Andreas, poručík, kreslíř map a plánů

Originální název: Waerachtighe Af-Conterfeytinghe vanden grooten slach, gheschiet tusschen die van Manveld ende Brunns-wijcksche aen d´eene zijde ende Don Cordova aen d´ander zijde: Opden 29. August 1622 Tusschen Gembeloers ende Flory.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1596
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 8476

Rhenish Palatinate, hereditary region of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, the symbol of resistance against the Catholic power of the emperor, was the main theatre of fights between 1620 and 1623. General Johann Tserclaes Tilly lead the imperial armies of the League. Protestant armies, which were mainly supported from England, because the English king James I was a father-in-law of Frederick, consisted mostly of the army of Ernst von Mansfeld and of units of Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, who entered the war side by side with the “Winter king”, because of knight's honour to his wife, queen Elisabeth, whom he loved. Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was also being called “Halberstadt” after a cloister of the same name, whose foundation he administered. After various tactical movements and small, insignificant fights, prior to the joining of Mansfeld's and Brunswick's units, Christian Halberstadt suffered a crushing defeat near Höchst upon Main on 20 June 1622. This combat failure of Protestants changed the balance of power so significantly that Frederick V, Elector Palatine started to think about some settlement with the emperor and he had released Mansfeld and Christian Brunswick from his services because of this settlement. However, Christian Brunswick and Mansfeld had kept their forces, joined into one strong army and searched for more military adventures, which they soon found in connection with so-called general countries of the united Netherlands. They immediately withdrew to liberate Bergen op Zoom, which was under siege by Spaniards lead by Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases. General Cordoba with his army intended to prevent the liberation, and the battle this print shows occurred. Spanish general was able to inflict great losses on the Protestant army, but he was not able to prevent them from entering the Netherlands. Spinola was then forced to withdraw from Bergen op Zoom. However, the Dutch soon felt unbearable economic stress which was caused by armies from Germany; Mansfeld and Brunswick were forced to part ways and search for new adventures, which they were able to find very soon in these turbulent times.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Zeidlerus Andreas, poručík, kreslíř map a plánů

Originální název: Eigentliche Vorbildung des harten Treffens so zwischen Mansfeldischen und Spanischen auff den Brabändischen Grentzen vorgangen, Anno 1622. Praelium inter Hispanos et Mansfeldicos ad Floreacum in Brabantia.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1596
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 8479

Rhenish Palatinate, hereditary region of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, the symbol of resistance against the Catholic power of the emperor, was the main theatre of fights between 1620 and 1623. General Johann Tserclaes Tilly lead the imperial armies of the League. Protestant armies, which were mainly supported from England, because the English king James I was a father-in-law of Frederick, consisted mostly of the army of Ernst von Mansfeld and of units of Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, who entered the war side by side with the “Winter king”, because of knight's honour to his wife, queen Elisabeth, whom he loved. Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was also being called “Halberstadt” after a cloister of the same name, whose foundation he administered. After various tactical movements and small, insignificant fights, prior to the joining of Mansfeld's and Brunswick's units, Christian Halberstadt suffered a crushing defeat near Höchst upon Main on 20 June 1622. This combat failure of Protestants changed the balance of power so significantly that Frederick V, Elector Palatine started to think about some settlement with the emperor and he had released Mansfeld and Christian Brunswick from his services because of this settlement. However, Christian Brunswick and Mansfeld had kept their forces, joined into one strong army and searched for more military adventures, which they soon found in connection with so-called general countries of the united Netherlands. They immediately withdrew to liberate Bergen op Zoom, which was under siege by Spaniards lead by Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases. General Cordoba with his army intended to prevent the liberation, and the battle this print shows occurred. Spanish general was able to inflict great losses on the Protestant army, but he was not able to prevent them from entering the Netherlands. Spinola was then forced to withdraw from Bergen op Zoom. However, the Dutch soon felt unbearable economic stress which was caused by armies from Germany; Mansfeld and Brunswick were forced to part ways and search for new adventures, which they were able to find very soon in these turbulent times.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Zeidlerus Andreas, poručík, kreslíř map a plánů

Originální název: Belägerung und Einnehmung der Statt und Vestung Mannheim. Anno 1622.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1596
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 8479

After the defeat of the Protestant allies of Frederick V, Elector Palatinate in the Battle of Hochst (20 June, 1622), and Wimpfen (6 May 1622), Tilly continued in the conquest of the entire Lower Palatine, the inherited land of Frederick V, Elector Palatinate. He captured the capital city of Heidelberg on 6 September 1622. At the same time, the fortress of Mannheim was besieged and conquered; it finally surrendered to Tilly on 23 October 1622.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Zeidlerus Andreas, poručík, kreslíř map a plánů

Originální název: Abrisz der Statt und Vestuung Mannheim von Kayserisch, Bayrisch belägert und erobert.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1596
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 8479

After the defeat of the Protestant allies of Frederick V, Elector Palatinate in the Battle of Hochst (20 June, 1622), and Wimpfen (6 May 1622), Tilly continued in the conquest of the entire Lower Palatine, the inherited land of Frederick V, Elector Palatinate. He captured the capital city of Heidelberg on 6 September 1622. At the same time, the fortress of Mannheim was besieged and conquered; it finally surrendered to Tilly on 23 October 1622.