Engravings of the year 1618

6-A new description of the Czech kingdom

A new description of the Czech kingdom

Hradčany, dne 01.01.1618 (do 31.12.1618)

It is a detailed, but sometimes inaccurately elaborated, map of the Czech countries, furnished with a scale on its edges. At the right bottom corner are depicted Hradčany outside which is a person wearing a coat and holding a string with the tied imperial eagle. Not far away is a person making a bow and taking off his hat. On the other side in a decorative cartouche there is the symbol with the Czech lion held by a faun leaning against the board on which there is the dedication to Eylhar Lubina, professor at the university in Rostock, from the engraver Kaeria.

Signace: P. Kaerius Excudebat Amstalodami. Anno a nato Christo 1618
Autor: Lubinus Eylhar, profesor rostocké university

Originální název: Regni Bohemiae nova descriptio.

This map of Bohemia of the period of renaissance is very interesting, in particular, with its notes stated in various towns, for example: Hec olim Bubenium quondam etiam Marobudu ab conditore dicta; Krumlov, Budějovice and Kutná Hora: Habent argenti fodines; Rakovník: Habent optimam cerevisiam; Klatovy: Praestat opt. caseis; Prachatice: Salis emporium; etc. There is a big forest drawn between Český Šternberk and the Sázava monastery. The Konopiště is called as “Konnepsch”. The importance of the persons described above and holding the symbols cannot be explained.

1-The prospect of the very well-known and famous royal capital city of Prague in Bohemia, as it looks now.

The prospect of the very well-known and famous royal capital city of Prague in Bohemia, as it looks now.

Praha, dne 01.01.1618 (do 31.12.1628)

The view of the entire city of Prague across both banks of the Vltava („Moltav fluvius“) has been drawn very carefully. In the left foreground there is a staffage of trees. Above the picture there is the above-mentioned text. In the sky there are coats of arms: Hradčany, Malá Strana (Little Quarter), Czech, Imperial, Staré Město (Old Town), Nové Město (New Town) and Vyšehrad. The print is not signed, but the concept is reminiscent of Hollar, or perhaps the graphic art was based on Hollar's template. This engraving is in many ways strikingly similar to Hollar's picture of Prague.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Lubinus Eylhar, profesor rostocké university

Originální název: Prospect der weitberühmten Königl. Hauptstadt Prag in Böhmen, wie solche jetziger Zeit anzusehen ist.

On several occasions, Prague was the setting for events which had a profound, determining influence on the course of the Thirty Years' War. In 1618, the Czech uprising culminated in the defenestration of Prague, in 1620 the Battle of White Mountain was fought, and a year later a bloody execution was carried out on the Old Town Square. The establishment of Waldstein's military and political power has its roots in Prague. 1633 saw the invasion of Prague by the Saxons, and in 1635 there was the so-called Prague truce between the Emperor and John George I. Elector of Saxony. Waldstein's death in 1634 also had an effect on the conditions in Prague. In 1648 Prague was besieged by the Swedes under Königsmark and Count Palatine Carl Gustav of Rhineland.

3-An actual picture of the emperor’s counsels being thrown out of the window.

An actual picture of the emperor’s counsels being thrown out of the window.

Příkop pod Pražským hradem, dne 23.05.1618

It is a picture of Hradčany from the today’s Klárov. On the left side there are the new castle stairs. In the place of the today’s gardens on the slope to the Lesser Town there is a preserve (“Thiergarten”) with the deer. Under B there is the provincial office window from which the emperor’s governors are falling. At the upper corners there are the imperial eagle and the Czech lion in laurel wreaths. At the right bottom corner is legend A-C; there is an explanatory inscription in German over the picture.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Lubinus Eylhar, profesor rostocké university

Originální název: Wahre Contrafactur wie die Kays. Räthe zum Fenster hinaus geworffen worden seindt.

Katalogová čísla:
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 3804

The Prague defenestration was an immediate inducement that triggered the Thirty Years’ War. However, the actual causes of this catastrophe could already be seen in the development of whole decades. On the fateful day of 23 May 1618, representatives of the unsatisfied Czech estates headed by Henry Matthew, the earl Thurn-Valsassina, Colonna von Fels, Pavel of Říčany and others crowded together and moved towards the castle, requiring entry to the provincial office where the emperor’s counsels Jan Bořita of Martinice, Vilém Slavata of Chlum and Košumberk, Děpold of Lobkowicz and Adam of Sternberg were having a meeting. There the rebels presented their requirements resolutely and provocatively. By his calm and conciliatory answer, the highest burgrave Adam of Sternberg tried to face the danger, but a severe exchange of opinions flared up and resulted in Lobkowicz and Sternberg being dragged to the adjacent room and Slavata and Martinic being grasped and thrown out of the window. Their faith was also shared by the scribe Fabricius who found himself in the castle ditch. Except for bruises and contusion, nobody was seriously injured. The same day Fabricius left for Vienna and informed the emperor about the events taking place in Prague. For his merits, he was awarded noble status and received the predicate “of Hohenfall”.

4-A picture of the town of Pilsen in Bohemia, which was besieged and conquered by the general Mansfeld in 1618.

A picture of the town of Pilsen in Bohemia, which was besieged and conquered by the general Mansfeld in 1618.

Plzeň, dne 11.11.1618

The picture of Pilsen is painted from a bird’s eye view with accurate details of various buildings. The attack of general Mansfeld’s armed forces is targeted at the Franciscan church. At the right upper corner is the emblem of the town of Pilsen in a decorated field. On the same side down there is legend A-I in a four-edge cartouche. On the left side down there are two riders, of whom one is holding a flag, and a few infantrymen. At the left upper corner is the inscription “Obsidio urbis Pilsenae”.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Lubinus Eylhar, profesor rostocké university

Originální název: Abbildung der Statt Pilsen in Böhmen und wie selbige durch Gen. von Mansfeld belägert und eingenommen worden. Anno 1618.

Katalogová čísla:
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 3804

Pilsen was struck as soon as the Thirty Years’ War began. When after the Prague defenestration the Czech estates wanted to extort their requirements towards the emperor by threatening with war, Pilsen stayed on the side of the emperor who sent a small troop commanded by the county representative Felix Dorheim to defend it. In September 1618, the earl Arnost of Mansfeld hired by the Czech estates arrived in Bohemia and his soldiers started to besiege the hostile Pilsen immediately. With the reinforcements from the neighbouring regions, his army rose to include 8,000 men with whom he intensively tried to seize the town for 9 weeks. Both the crew and the burghers defended themselves bravely. However, when two holes were shot through the town walls, the besiegers succeeded in intruding the town (in the place of the today’s savings bank close to the Franciscan monastery) during the main attack on 21 November 1618. On the morning of 22 November, the town surrendered to Mansfeld who then settled in the emperor’s house. Pilsen was severely affected by the siege: one third of houses were reduced to ashes and destroyed by shooting. Suburbs with considerable supplies of food were destroyed completely.

5-A drawing of Pilsen in Bohemia, which was besieged and conquered by the attack.

A drawing of Pilsen in Bohemia, which was besieged and conquered by the attack.

Plzeň, dne 21.11.1618

The town of Pilsen is drawn with good prospects. From the west, Mansfeld’s army is getting into the town through the ruptures in the town walls. At the left upper corner there is a camp of Mansfeld’s army. On the right up there is the emblem of Pilsen and down is the Radbuza river and the orienteering compass. At the left bottom corner there is a decorative cartouche with legend A-M.

Signace: G. Keller
Autor: Lubinus Eylhar, profesor rostocké university

Originální název: Abrisz der Statt Pilsen in Böhmen, wie dieselbige belägert, gestürmt und eingenommen worden.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1354
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 4397

General Arnost earl Mansfeld arrived to help the Czech estates. This army was hired for the Duke of Savoy and the Protestant Union, but in order not to spoil the relationship between the League and the Union, it was declared that the army was created and intended for the Czech estates. Thus, with the Czech directorate’s consent, Mansfeld arrived in Bohemia and on 21 November 1618 he conquered Pilsen, by which the emperor suffered considerable loss since there was only Ceske Budejovice left on the emperor’s side. Pilsen was always known for its loyalty to the emperor and the fact that it was controlled by Mansfeld without financial help from the Union and the Duke of Savoy. The fact that his army was plundering the whole region outrageously was very embarrassing and non-opportunistic for the emperor.

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