Engravings of the year 1637

251-The city of Leipzig under the siege of 1637.

The city of Leipzig under the siege of 1637.

Lipsko, dne 01.01.1637 (do 31.01.1637)

This is a very meticulous bird’s eye view of the city. There is the streamed out river Pleisa and a number of gardens outside the city. Several Swedish regiments are attacking the city, mainly from the south. There are two coats-of-arms at the top, one of them is Saxon. The above-stated German text is on an unrolled ribbon banner above the picture. Two rectangular banners with captions A-O, P-Z and 1-14 are at the bottom left and right.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Die Statt Leipzig sampt der Belägerung Anno 1637.

The victory of the Swedish army at Wittstock in September 1636 gave the General Banner a chance to occupy the entire Saxony, which had supported the Emperor since the victory of the Imperial forces at Nördlingen in 1634. Banner besieged Leipzig in January 1637 and tried to conquer it. However, the garrison of the town fought bravely being supported by supplies of food and men from the Saxon countryside, a move organised by Julius of Wolfersdorf. The General Gallas also arrived with his army from the West Germany later on to support the besieged city. Banner then realised it was impossible to defeat the Saxons united with the Imperial forces, stopped the siege immediately and withdrew hastily being pursued by Gallas as far as the Danish borders. Experts considered this Swedish withdrawal a remarkable strategic success from the military point of view.

255-A ground-plan of the siege and battle outside Leucate in Languedoc, year 1637.

A ground-plan of the siege and battle outside Leucate in Languedoc, year 1637.

Leucate, dne 01.01.1637 (do 31.12.1637)

A hilly peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea near Leucat Lake is depicted on the picture. A battle between the French and Spanish is raging on the peninsula. A ship is sailing on the sea. Leucate is situated at the seaside near Perpignan. The stated German text is placed in a rectangular cartouche at the top left. The local and factual caption is below the picture.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Grundrisz der Belägerung und Schlacht vor Leucate in Languedoc, Anno 1637.

France and Spain were in war for many years but the fighting got more intensive after the Swedish lost some of their power after the Peace of Prague (the Emperor signed a truce with the Electorate John George I of Saxon in Prague in 1635. Saxony went on supporting the Emperor followed by the majority of the German princes, leaving the Swedish isolated). In the effort to support the anti-Imperial forces, the French declared war on the Hapsburgs and sat about fighting in all shared areas. Commanded by excellent commanders (Bernhard of Weimar, Harcourt, Guebriant, Cardinal la Valett and later also Turenn, Condé etc.) the French occupied Artois, Lorraine, Alsace and Roussillon. At the same time, the Cardinal Richelieu supported Catalonians and the Portuguese in their revolt against the Madrid government. The depicted battle between the French and the Spanish near Leucate on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in 1637 took place during this period of fighting.

256-A genuine ground-plan of the town of Corbie in Pikartie with the siege of 1637.

A genuine ground-plan of the town of Corbie in Pikartie with the siege of 1637.

Corbie, dne 01.01.1637 (do 31.12.1637)

The picture depicts the rivers Ancre and Somme. On a hillock above the Somme is the fortress of Corbie, surrounded by an extensive system of fortifications. There are several army camps in the surrounding countryside. There is a cross-section detail of the fortification at the top right above the stated German test. The topographical and factual caption A-D and 1-20 is placed at the bottom right.

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Originální název: Wahrer Grundrisz der Statt Corbie in Picardey sampt der Belagerung, Anno 1637.

The Spanish the Netherlands took part in the prolonged war between France and Spain, after Cardinal Infant Ferdinand, a brother of the Spanish King Phillip IV, became its governor following the death of Isabella, the widow of the Archduke Albert. This Spanish-Dutch Alliance won a couple of important fights at the beginning in the Northwest France, including the conquest of the town and fortress of Corbie, situated approx. 20 km east of Amiens. However, the luck turned later on, and the French reoccupied the lost territories including Corbie in 1637. The described copper engraving depicts this event.

252-A genuine ground-plan of the town of Dolle in Burgundy and its siege, commenced on 1 June 1637.

A genuine ground-plan of the town of Dolle in Burgundy and its siege, commenced on 1 June 1637.

Dole, dne 11.06.1637

The town of Dolle (Dole on the river Doubs) approx. 50 km southeast of Dijon in France lies in the centre of the engraving. The so-called bird’s eye view is done merely schematically, however the fortifications around the town are drawn quite meticulously. The river Le Doux (Doubs) spanned by a bridge leading out of the town flows across the bottom part of the picture. There are numerous fortification constructions, army line-ups and camps around the town. There is a wide circle of trenches around the town. The background is hilly. A detail of the fortification with the enemy’s trenches is in the top left corner in a square. The caption 1-22 and A–K is at the right in a rectangular banner. There is an orienteering compass at the bottom left.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Wahrer Grundrisz der Statt und belägerung Dolle in Burgund angefangen den 1. juny 1637.

The powers and fighting activities moved again to the side of the Imperial-Catholic movement due to the victory of Nördlingen in 1634 and the Peace of Prague signed between the Emperor and John George of Saxon. As France entered the war in 1635 fighting against the Holy-Roman Empire, the centre of the war moved into Rhineland and France. The Swedish Commander Bernhard of Weimar stood alone after some of his allies, the German princes and, most of all the Elector of Saxon, left the Protestant Alliance, and got severely dependent on the French army. However, they had only one in common – the enemy. Opinion clashes between Bernhard of Weimar and French commanders occurred and this rift was skilfully used by the Imperial armies commanded at that time by Gallas and Charles of Lorraine. The depicted siege of the town of Dolle in Burgundy by the French in June 1637 took place during this period.

253-A true ground-plan of the Swedish bulwark and the bridge of ships near Rheinau, conquered by the Imperial forces in 1637.

A true ground-plan of the Swedish bulwark and the bridge of ships near Rheinau, conquered by the Imperial forces in 1637.

Wittenweier, dne 08.08.1637

This copper engraving depicts a section of the upper stream of the Rhine that spills out in a forested terrain. The formation of regiments near the burning township of Wittenweyer is in the background. The Imperial soldiers are attacking the Swedish fortifications. In the foreground are some minor scenes with cavalrymen escorting the captives. The above-stated German test is above the picture, while the caption A-M is below it. Drugulin believes this engraving to be the work by M. Merian.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Wahre Delineation der Schwedischen Schantzen und Schiffbrücken bey Rheinaw wie selbige von den Keyserischen eingenohmen worden 1637.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2132

The great Commander of the Swedish-French Alliance Bernhard of Weimar was about to carry out his plan (of 3 years) in 1637. It involved a great invasion into the inherited Austrian lands of the Emperor. The army supported by the French forces was to move along the upper stream of the Rhine via Bavaria towards the east. However waiting in vain for the promised French help, Bernhard finally decided to go ahead with the campaign alone supported only by a fraction of the French regiments. He neared the Rhine near Rheinau in the second half of July 1637 and occupied a couple of fortifications on the right bank of the river to allow his entire army cross the river undisturbed. Charles of Lorraine stood on the other side of the river together with the brave Imperial Infantry General John of Werth, who once again did unheard of brave deeds. His cavalry carried out several aggressive attacks, even crossing the river, chasing the Swedes out of their positions. Next came several very fast movements that forced even Bernhard of Weimar himself to jump into the river hastily to save himself from a capture. Afterwards both sides hastily called reinforces, however no decisive fight took place. This battle of Rheinau took place on 8 August 1637.

254-The siege of the town of Bredy by the Duke Frederick Henry of Orange on 23 July 1637.

The siege of the town of Bredy by the Duke Frederick Henry of Orange on 23 July 1637.

Breda, dne 07.09.1637

This is a map of the town of Bredy and its wide surroundings done with a great attention to detail. The fortifications of the conquerors circle the town widely. The stated German text is at the top left, below is an ornamental unrolled ribbon scroll with two coats-of-arms. Army formations as well as individual figures are painted all over the area of the print.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Belägerung der Statt Breda durch Friedrich Heinrich Princen von Oragien, den 23. July 1637.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 2132

When the truce signed between Spain and the Netherlands in 1609 ended in 1621, the fighting was renewed. When Maurice of Orange died in 1625 the command of the army and state issues went to his brother Frederick Henry who managed to liberate the towns occupied by the Spanish: Herzogenbusch and Maastricht. Breda which had been occupied since 1625 was liberated on 7 September 1637. This is depicted on this print.

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