Engravings of the year 1626

109-An illustration of the imperial walls near the Dessau bridge

An illustration of the imperial walls near the Dessau bridge

soutok Labe s Muldy, dne 15.04.1626

In the middle of the image, the confluence of Mulda and Elbe is illustrated. On the left bank of the Elbe, there is the imperial wall, a bridge behind it and a dam over the peninsula to Mulda, which is crossed by a bridge again. The whole landscape is heavily covered with individual trees. The town of Dessau is pictured on the right side of the print. Troops or camps of the troops are not here. Dessau lies approximately 100 kilometers southwest from Berlin.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Abbildung der kayserischen Schantz an der Tessawer Brücken.

In the second half of the year 1625, Wallenstein led his newly recruited and very large army via Cheb to West Germany, where he, however, did not unite with his wartime partner Tilly (probably for reasons of supply), but after unsuccessful negotiations for a truce with the Duke of Brunswick and Christian IV of Denmark, he went to the middle of Germany. To secure his position at the Dessau bridge, Wallenstein had a bridge across the Elbe and a defensive wall built. When his enemies saw that the construction became dangerous for them, they sent Mansfeld with a reasonably strong army to conquer the fortress of Dessau, and thus made it impossible for Wallenstein to cross the river Elbe. The imperial garrison in the fortress was commanded by Aldringen who successfully repulsed Mansfeld’s attacks, then the defenders’ resistance weakened and Aldringen was forced to call Wallenstein on assistance and he immediately intervened. First, he sent Henry von Schlick with several regiments of cavalry, he came with an infantry himself later on, but still in time to help endangered Aldringen; by his large artillery, he reversed the situation of the battle and prepared an overwhelming defeat to Mansfeld and his troops which never recovered. It was also the last major combat encounter for Mansfeld who then soon disappeared from the scene of the Thirty Years’ War, because he withdrew to Bosnia and suddenly died there in the village of Rakovica. The battle of the Dessau bridge on 15 April 1626.

110-Dessau

Dessau

Dessa, dne 15.04.1626

It is a print without a more detailed textual explanation which depicts the defeated Mansfeld by Wallenstein at the Dessau bridge on 15 April 1626. The engraving is done in detail with many realistic particularities. There is a bridge across the river Elbe, fortress, Mansfeld’s chances and explosion of his ammunition supplies. On the right side we can see the town of Zerbst.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Dessa

In the second half of the year 1625, Wallenstein led his newly recruited and very large army via Cheb to West Germany, where he, however, did not unite with his wartime partner Tilly (probably for reasons of supply), but after unsuccessful negotiations for a truce with the Duke of Brunswick and Christian IV of Denmark, he went to the middle of Germany. To secure his position at the Dessau bridge, Wallenstein had a bridge across the Elbe and a defensive wall built. When his enemies saw that the construction became dangerous for them, they sent Mansfeld with a reasonably strong army to conquer the fortress of Dessau, and thus made it impossible for Wallenstein to cross the river Elbe. The imperial garrison in the fortress was commanded by Aldringen, who successfully repulsed Mansfeld’s attacks, then the defenders’ resistance weakened and Aldringen was forced to call Wallenstein on assistance and he immediately intervened. First, he sent Henry von Schlick with several regiments of cavalry, he came with an infantry himself later on, but still in time to help endangered Aldringen; by his large artillery, he reversed the situation of the battle and prepared an overwhelming defeat to Mansfeld and his troops which never recovered. It was also the last major combat encounter for Mansfeld who then soon disappeared from the scene of the Thirty Years’ War, because he withdrew to Bosnia and suddenly died there in the village of Rakovica. The battle of the Dessau bridge on 15 April 1626.

111-The actual illustration of the Mansfeld’s defeat at the Dessau bridge, which happened on 25 April, the day of St. Mark, in 1626.

The actual illustration of the Mansfeld’s defeat at the Dessau bridge, which happened on 25 April, the day of St. Mark, in 1626.

Dessa, dne 15.04.1626

Heavily forested landscape with the Elbe, into which the river Mulde flows. The battle and fleeing of Mansfeld’s army are displayed on the shore behind the bridge that crosses both rivers. On the left side, there is a compass. Above the image, there is a text, at the bottom, there are the explanatory notes A-Z.

Signace: M. Merian
Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Eigentliche Vorbildung der Mansfeldischen Niederlag bey der Tessawer brücken geschehen den 25. Aprilis an S. Marx tag Anno 1626.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1677
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 10208

In the second half of the year 1625, Wallenstein led his newly recruited and very large army via Cheb to West Germany, where he, however, did not unite with his wartime partner Tilly (probably for reasons of supply), but after unsuccessful negotiations for a truce with the Duke of Brunswick and Christian IV of Denmark, he went to the middle of Germany. To secure his position at the Dessau bridge, Wallenstein had a bridge across the Elbe and a defensive wall built. When his enemies saw that the construction became dangerous for them, they sent Mansfeld with a reasonably strong army to conquer the fortress of Dessau, and thus made it impossible for Wallenstein to cross the river Elbe. The imperial garrison in the fortress was commanded by Aldringen who successfully repulsed Mansfeld’s attacks, then the defenders’ resistance weakened and Aldringen was forced to call Wallenstein to assist and he immediately intervened. First, he sent Henry von Schlick with several regiments of cavalry, he came with an infantry himself later on, but still in time to help the endangered Aldringen; by his large artillery, he reversed the situation of the battle and prepared an overwhelming defeat of Mansfeld and his troops which never recovered. It was also the last major combat encounter for Mansfeld who then soon disappeared from the scene of the Thirty Years’ War because he withdrew to Bosnia and suddenly died there in the village of Rakovica. The battle of the Dessau bridge on 15 April 1626.

112-The actual illustration of Münden, which was conquered and seized in 1626 by the Imperial General, Count Tilly.

The actual illustration of Münden, which was conquered and seized in 1626 by the Imperial General, Count Tilly.

Münden, dne 30.05.1626

On the engraving, there is the Tilly’s army shooting across the river Vézère, which is crossed by the bridge to the town of Münden. On the other bank of Vézère, there is an additional units’ attack. The background of the image is a forested, hilly panorama, in the right foreground, there is the gallows and a big wheel.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Wahre Abildung der Stadt Münden, wie dieselbe vom kays. Herrn Gen. Gr. Tilly erob. und eingenommen 1626.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1677
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 10208

The victory over Mansfeld in the Battle of the Dessau bridge on 25 April 1626, escape and collapse of his army allowed Wallenstein to enter to Silesia and further East to confront raids of Gabriel Bethlen, the Prince of Transylvania, and his allies, who was later on forced to conclude peace with the Emperor. This, however, made everything easier for Tilly as well, whose current adversary was Christian IV of Denmark. Tilly’s campaign against the Danes led to the North, and on 30 May 1626, he conquered the town of Mülden and on 27 August of the same year, he defeated King Christian IV in the great battle of Lutter.

113-A true depiction of the town of Elbing, which was fortified by His Royal Majesty of Sweden, etc. in 1626.

A true depiction of the town of Elbing, which was fortified by His Royal Majesty of Sweden, etc. in 1626.

Elbing, dne 01.06.1626 (do 30.06.1926)

In wide plateau, with the sea in the background, there is the besieged town of Elbing, from which a high church tower protrudes, and it is surrounded by powerful moats. On the right side, the same river runs through the town. Towards the upper edge of the image, there is the emblem of the town. Elbing is located in East Prussia on the sea coast, approximately half the distance between Kaliningrad and Gdynia. Below the image, there are explanatory notes A-S.

Signace: M. Merian fecit.
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Wahre Contrafactur der Statt Elbing, wie dieselbe von Königl. May. zu Schweden etc. befestigt worden. Anno 1626.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1677
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 10208

Before Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden entered into war against the Emperor and Catholics (1630), he fought for a long time against the Polish King Sigismund with whom he then concluded a short-term truce lasting until 1625. However, the war started again and ended in Swedish victory over the Poles, who were commanded by the Prince Lew Sapieha, on 3 January 1626. Then Gustavus Adolphus turned to East Prussia which was a Polish fief, which was given to his brother-in-law George William, Elector of Brandenburg. The Swedes were threatened with annexing this area to Poland. East Prussian towns, however, opened their gates to the Swedes without resistance. These were: Braunsberg, Marienburg and Elbing, whose fortifications were strengthen by Gustavus Adolphus.

116-The illustration of the Swedish chances on the River Vistula in Prussia in 1626.

The illustration of the Swedish chances on the River Vistula in Prussia in 1626.

Visla, dne 01.07.1626 (do 31.12.1626)

The engraving shows the flow of the River Vistula which divides into two. The bridge crosses the river and there are several sailing ships on the surface. On the furthest tip of the peninsula, which is created by both shoulders of the Vistula, is a Swedish fortress with a cleared forest behind it. In the bottom right corner of the image, there are two private soldiers, one with a pike, the other with a musket, holding a map of the area of Lower Vistula River and the Baltic Sea with a visible compass. There is a square with the explanatory notes 1-10 at the bottom left.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Abbildung der Schwedischen Schantz auff dem Weysselstrom in Preussen gelegen 1626.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1677
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 10208

During the 1730s, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden permanently fought with Sigismund III of Poland whom he defeated several times. Then he campaigned against his brother-in-law George William, Elector of Brandenburg, to prevent him from helping the Poles, because Prussia was back then the feudal Duchy of Poland. Several attempts of Poles to free the oppressed town remained unsuccessful. The siege lasted the entire year 1627 and Gustavus Adolphus was wounded twice. Later, he concluded a truce with Poland which was promoted by Imperialists through Wallenstein’s troops. The truce was arranged by France and thus Gustavus Adolphus was free to fight against Anti-Catholics in Germany.

114-The actual illustration of the great victory, which achieved Count Tilly, the Imperial General, over the King of Denmark on 22 August 1626, according to the new calendar.

The actual illustration of the great victory, which achieved Count Tilly, the Imperial General, over the King of Denmark on 22 August 1626, according to the new calendar.

Lutter, dne 22.08.1626

The engraving shows the situation of the battle between Tilly and the Christian IV of Denmark near Lutter. There are marked the towns of Wolfenbüttel, Lutter, Northeim, Göttingen and Duderstadt. From Lutter to Duderstadt, there flows a stream, which separates the positions of both armies. In the right corner, there is a rectangle with the explanatory notes A-F.

Signace: M. Merian
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Eigentliche Abbilldung der trefflichen Victori, welche Graf Tilly, Kays: General wider den König in Denemarck 22. August 1626 St. Novo erhalten.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1687
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 10208

One of the most important war events of the so called Danish phase of the Thirty Years’ War was the defeat of Christian IV of Denmark at Lutter by the troops of General Tilly on 22 August 1626. The ability of Mansfeld’s army to fight was destroyed by Wallenstein’ victory in the battle of Dassau and Christian IV of Denmark remained on his own against Tilly. He tried to march to better positioning and conquered the Wolfenbüttel on his way, however, he moved his troops so clumsily that his opponent Tilly succeeded in forcing him to battle in an unfavourable strategic situation for the Danes. However, the Danes managed to initially fight the battle equally, almost up to the victory over Tilly. Perfectly led attacks of the Imperial-Wallenstein’s Colonel des Fours reversed the situation in favour of Tilly who eventually reached a significant victory near Lutter. Christian IV of Denmark escaped from the battle with the rest of the defeated army. He lost 3,000 men, 102 officers, 22 cannons, the war treasure, 70 flags and standards and other material. Thanks to this defeat, Christian IV of Denmark lost his significant power position among Protestants which was later taken over by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.

115-A sketch of the bloody battle in which His Excellency the Count Tilly, Imperial General, fought with the King of Denmark on 22 August 1626.

A sketch of the bloody battle in which His Excellency the Count Tilly, Imperial General, fought with the King of Denmark on 22 August 1626.

Göttingen, dne 22.08.1626

There are the towns of Göttingen, Northeim, Sese and Wolfenbüttel in the picture. The main location of the image is the battle between the two armies across the stream. There is the Fort Lutter nearby and the town of Duderstadt at the bottom right. In the upper right corner, there are explanatory notes A-G in the square. The quoted text is written in an antique font above the image of the copperplate.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Abrisz der blutigen Schlacht so Ihr. Excel. herr Graff Tilly, kays. General dem König in Dennemark geliefert Anno 1626 den 22. Augusti.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1687
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 10208

One of the most important war events of the so called Danish phase of the Thirty Years’ War was the defeat of Christian IV of Denmark at Lutter by the troops of General Tilly on 22 August 1626. The ability of Mansfeld’s army to fight was destroyed by Wallenstein’ victory in the battle of Dassau and Christian IV of Denmark remained on his own against Tilly. He tried to march to better positioning and conquered the Wolfenbüttel on his way, however, he moved his troops so clumsily that his opponent Tilly succeeded in forcing him to battle in an unfavourable strategic situation for the Danes. However, the Danes managed to initially fight the battle equally, almost up to the victory over Tilly. Perfectly led attacks of the Imperial-Wallenstein’s Colonel des Fours reversed the situation in favour of Tilly who eventually reached a significant victory near Lutter. Christian IV of Denmark escaped from the battle with the rest of the defeated army. He lost 3,000 men, 102 officers, 22 cannons, the war treasure, 70 flags and standards and other material. Thanks to this defeat, Christian IV of Denmark lost his significant power position among Protestants which was later taken over by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.

117-A port of good luck, peasant wars which took place a hundred years ago, with actual pictures and drawings of leading officers and commanders, as well as arms and weapons used by the rebelling peasants in the small country above (the river) Inn taking place in the year 1626 during their presumed war campaign.

A port of good luck, peasant wars which took place a hundred years ago, with actual pictures and drawings of leading officers and commanders, as well as arms and weapons used by the rebelling peasants in the small country above (the river) Inn taking place in the year 1626 during their presumed war campaign.

řeka Enns, dne 01.12.1626 (do 31.12.1626)

Under the above text, many peasant weapons are depicted which were used during the peasant riots in the year 1626 in Upper Austria. It is noteworthy that the depicted weapons also include several Czech Hussite weapons, e.g. „ein böhmischer eiserner Morgenstern“, „ein žiškaischer Streitkolben“ or „ein böhmischer Kornhammer.“ There are even instructions for use for some of the weapons, e.g. the weapons marked A are held by several warriors on long poles; then they run into the groups of enemy horsemen and pull the riders from the horses using large hooks. Under the weapons there are pictures of five peasant chiefs, and one other chief on a horse. The peasant commanders are identified by their names. A two-verse explanation of the picture follows, with anti-peasant tendencies.

Signace: Vytištěno roku 1627
Autor: Merian Mateus, mědirytec a nakladatel ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem

Originální název: Glucks-hafen, vor hundert Jahren vorgangenen Bauernkriegs. Sampt eigentlicher Contrafactur und Abrisz der vornehmsten Offizieren und Befehlshabere sowol der gewehr und Waffen derer sich itzo die rebellischen Bauren im Ländlein ob der Ensz in diesem Hier lauffendem 1626 Jahr, bei ihrer vermeynten Kriegsexpedition gebrauchen.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1687
Čeněk Zíbrt – Bibliografie české historie: 10208

Even when Ferdinand II. came to the throne, peasant riots took place in his hereditary lands, which were caused by the Emperor's effort to suppress all non-Catholics in the empire. This is because the Protestant faith was much more widespread in the Austrian hereditary lands. But social conditions were also a cause of the riots. The peasants had been suppressed by the nobility, and they tried to free themselves from this situation by using violence. Due to inadequate communication in the difficult mountainous Austrian region, military suppressive actions were significantly hindered and dragged on for several years.

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