Engravings of the year 1636

248-The fortress of Ehrenbreitstein i.e. Hermanstein, which was seized and conquered by the Imperial army. Year 1636.

The fortress of Ehrenbreitstein i.e. Hermanstein, which was seized and conquered by the Imperial army. Year 1636.

Ehrenbreitstein, dne 01.01.1636 (do 31.12.1636)

The print depicts the territory around the confluence of the rivers Moselle and the Rhine with the town of Koblenz nearby. On a rather high hill on the other side of the Rhine is the Ehrenbreitstein fortress depicted accurately with the surrounding fortification constructions. There are deep-cut valleys, ravines and streams in the landscape. The German text is placed above the picture, while the caption A-R is below it.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Die Vestung Ehrenbreitstein oder Hermanstein, und wie selbige von den Kayseris. Ploquiert und eingenommen wurde. Anno 1636.

The year 1636 was marked by the fights between the Imperial forces commanded by Gallas and Charles of Lorraine and the Swedish-French army commanded by Bernhard of Weimar and the Cardinal le Vallet. These military campaigns took mostly place on the French land. The cavalry of the Imperial General John of Werth even managed to get near Paris. It is therefore obvious that the remaining strong positions held by the French and the Swedish along the Rhine were gradually conquered by the Imperial forces. This was how the Ehrenbreitstein fortress situated on the other side of the Rhine opposite Koblenz was captured too.

250-Prague

Prague

Praha, dne 01.01.1636 (do 31.12.1636)

This is a wide view of the city of Prague with the river Vltava spanned by a stone bridge flowing through its centre. A stylised ruin stands in the left foreground with the Strahov Monastery visible behind it. The Baroque-style cartouches drawn over the city show the coats-of-arms of Hradčany, Old and New Town and Malá Strana, the Imperial Eagle and the Czech Lion. The city quarters and important buildings are marked with names. There is a rectangular cartouche at the bottom centre with names of 20 remarkable buildings in Czech, Latin and German. The coat-of-arms of the author (Hollar) with an inscription:,Wenceslaus Hollar a Lewengrun et Bareyt hanc regni Bohemiae Metropolim, Patriam suam, ex monte Sct. Laurentii A. 1636 exactissime delineavit & aqua forti in hanc formaa aeri insculpsit, Antwerpae A. 1649.‘ is at the top. Translation: ‚Václav Hollar of Lewengrun and Bareyt painted as accurately as possible this capital city of the Bohemian Kingdom, its homeland, in the year 1636, from the hill of St. Lawrence (present day Petřín) and using the aqua fortis (the nitric acid used for etching) he etched this view into a copperplate in Antwerp, year 1649.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Hollar Václav z Práchně, český mědirytec

Originální název: Praga

It is a beautifully done well-known Hollar’s view of the city made on his visit to Prague in 1636, when he was accompanied by the Ambassador of the English King Charles I, the Lord Thomas Haward Earl of Arundel and Surrey. The colour drawing existed in the collection of Sir Rawlings in London in the 18th century. The picture was probably painted from the Schönborn Garden. It is interesting that in the title of the picture Hollar does not state the gentle postscript ‚Prachenbergensis‘ given to his family by Rudolf II in 1606, only the predictates given to him by Ferdinand III according to the birth name of his Mother Marketa of Lövengryn and Bareyt in 1630.

246-Magdeburg was conquered again by the Imperial and Saxon /regiments/ and handed over upon agreement on 13 July 1636.

Magdeburg was conquered again by the Imperial and Saxon /regiments/ and handed over upon agreement on 13 July 1636.

Magdeburg, dne 13.07.1636

The engraving depicts the river Elbe streaming out into several branches. The city of Magdeburg lies above the river. The author did not outline the centre of the city, there is only the inscription ‚Magdeburg‘. The Imperial-Saxon army fighting formations are lined-up outside the city while a relatively small Swedish garrison is leaving it from the other side. There are four mounted buglers at the bottom right. The above-stated German text is placed in an ornamental vignette in the top left corner.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Hollar Václav z Práchně, český mědirytec

Originální název: Magdeburg durch Accord von den Kayserisch und Chur-Sächsischen wieder erobert den 13. Monats Julii 1636.

The Electorate John George of Saxon started rethinking his alliance with the Swedish after the conquest of Regensburg by the Imperial forces on 17 August 1634 and, most of all, following the Battle of Nördlingen on 6 September 1634. He finally decided to change sides and support the Emperor during the peace negotiations in Prague in 1635. Obviously, the politics of this German Electorate was led primarily by his opportunistic plans. The strategic situation of the Swedish thus became critical and not even entering of France into the war against the Emperor could help to even up the powers. The Swedish retreated to the sea at the north and to the northwest and left only a couple of insignificant garrisons in the towns of the Central Germany, which were easily overpowered by the Imperial forces. This is how the city of Magdeburg, still affected by the cruel Tilly’s conquest five years ago, fell into the hands of the Imperial army. The Swedish garrison left and handed the town over voluntarily.

247-An original outline of the fight of the Imperial, Catholic and Saxon army with the Swedish near Wittstock on 24 September 1636.

An original outline of the fight of the Imperial, Catholic and Saxon army with the Swedish near Wittstock on 24 September 1636.

Wittstock, dne 24.09.1636

There is an inscription below the bottom border of the engraving:,Wittstocker Schlacht’. A small river is flowing on the right with the small town of Wittstock above it. There are two hilltops in the depicted landscape with the armies fighting atop. The fights are also depicted in the valley spreading out towards the river. The caption A-P and the above-stated text are placed below the picture part of the print.

Signace: neuvedena
Autor: Hollar Václav z Práchně, český mědirytec

Originální název: Eigentliche Delineation des Treffens so zwischen der Keys. Ligistisch. und Chur-Sächsischen und dann anders theils den Schwedischen Armeen bey Wittstockh den 24. September anno 1636 vorgang.

The strategic situation of the Swedish worsened considerably becoming almost critical, following the defeat in the Battle of Nördlingen and consequent exit of the Elector of Saxon and few other German princes from the Protestant Alliance. The focus of the fights moved into the area north of Saxony, where General Banner and his subordinate commanders Torstensson, Leslie, King and Stallhantsh led the Swedish army, counting 22000 men. The united Imperial-Saxon army, commanded by the Elector of Saxon himself and the General Count Hatzfeld had approx. 30000 men. Both armies met nearby the small town of Wittstock, almost 100 km northwest of Berlin. An exceptionally bloody and tough battle broke out with uneven forces on both sides for a long time. Finally, the Swedish managed to beat the opponent despite having fewer men. They seized 151 Imperial banners and standards, 35 cannons and all the supplies including the silver tableware of the Elector. A total of 1145 dead and 2245 wounded Swedes were left at the battlefield while the Imperial army lost almost 5000 men. The defeated army quickly withdrew to Magdeburg.

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