Engravings of the year 1627

124-Looting of sugar in the harbour of de Tode los Santos, 1627.

Looting of sugar in the harbour of de Tode los Santos, 1627.

de Todos los Santos, dne 01.01.1627 (do 31.12.1627)

The etching depicts the harbour of Todos los Santos on the Atlantic coast of Brazil, near San Salvador (Bahia), approximately 1,400 km north of Rio de Janeiro. In the harbour there are several battleships with sails, of which two are in flames. The coast is fortified and occupied by battling troops. On the sea there are several smaller boats without sails, occupied by shooters who are firing at defensive positions on the coast. Above the picture there is an unfolded vignette with a clear map of the situation. At the bottom on the left there is a round, decorative cartouche with the above-quoted text. The engraver, in an effort to capture the tropical South American landscape, brightened up its character with many palm trees.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: t´Neemen van de Suyker Prysen in de Bay de Tode les Santos. Anno 1627.“

In 1580, a personal union was established between Spain and Portugal which lasted until 1640. The demarcation line which had until then divided the two countries now disappeared, and Brazil became the property of both countries. At the time, the Netherlands was at war with Spain and Portugal almost constantly, and as a naval power its also attacked its enemies' overseas territories. The commander of the Dutch naval forces in the South Atlantic at the time was admiral Pieter Heyn. The depicted tale shows a battle between the Dutch and the Spanish, involving the seizure of sugar in the harbour of Todos los Santos. Sugar cane was already grown in South America at that time, and sugar was understandably a sought-after export product. This picture aptly illustrates how conflicts from the old world were also transferred to newly-colonized countries.

125-Grolla (was) besieged and conquered by His Highness Prince Frederick of Orange,    Count of Nassau, (during his) high command of the General United States of Belgium.

Grolla (was) besieged and conquered by His Highness Prince Frederick of Orange, Count of Nassau, (during his) high command of the General United States of Belgium.

Groenlo, dne 01.01.1627 (do 31.12.1627)

This is a map of the town of Grolla in the Netherlands, which is surrounded by various fortification buildings and military camps. The above-quoted Latin text is shown in the top right-hand corner. Below the picture, there is a measuring scale.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Grolla obsessa et expugnata ab illustrissimo Frederico Henrico principe Arausionensium comite Nassaviae. Auspiciis D.D. Ordinum Belgii confereari.

Frederick Henry Nassau was the most important personality in the Netherlands at the time of the Thirty Years' War. He was the brother of Maurice of Orange, who died, childless, in 1625. Therefore, political power and command of the army was transferred to Frederick Henry, who was not only a prudent and skilful politician but also an excellent commander; he was also educated and had a gentle, tolerant nature. Immediately after his appointment as high commander, he established and armed a force of 120,000 men, and the results soon showed. In a short time, he conquered almost all the Spanish towns and fortresses. The depicted Grolla fortress was conquered by the Dutch in 1627.

562-An illustration of the clash near Bleckede, which took place between Imperial and Danish troops on the 13th of June 1627.

An illustration of the clash near Bleckede, which took place between Imperial and Danish troops on the 13th of June 1627.

Blackede, dne 13.06.1627

The engraving depicts the countryside at the lower reaches of the Elbe and the Weser and Ems river basin. There are several towns depicted here, e.g. Hamburg, Bremen, Nordheim, Braunschweig etc. Troops are scattered throughout the entire area. On the right by the bridge is the town of Bleckede, where the main clash which is the subject of the picture took place. In the foreground are tents, several trumpeters and a woman with a pack basket.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Abbildung des Treffens bey Bleckede, zwischen den Kayserlichen und Dennemarckischen geschehen den 13. Juny 1627.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1706

After a major defeat near Lutter on the 22nd of August 1626, Kristian IV. placed his troops in the area of the lower Elbe, Weser and Ems river basin, while the Imperial and League armies were located further south-east. As soon as Kristian of Denmark received reinforcements from the English king, he retreated with a part of his army from Bremen to the Elbe, and settled not far from Boitzenburg. At the end of May 1627 he sailed with his army to Bleckede, in order to occupy the fort there. But the general of the Imperial League troops, Duke George of Brunswick, came to know about his intentions and arrived with three cavalry regiments. A bloody clash followed, during which the Danes – though more numerous – were soundly beaten. King Kristian IV. hastily fled from the battlefield, and while boarding a ship fell into the Elbe and almost drowned.

118-A depiction of Havelberg town and church, which were abandoned by the Danes and occupied by Imperial forces. 1627.

A depiction of Havelberg town and church, which were abandoned by the Danes and occupied by Imperial forces. 1627.

Havelsberg, dne 01.08.1627 (do 31.08.1627)

The picture depicts the area through which the Havel and Elbe rivers flow. On an island on the Havel river there is the town of Havelberg, and nearby there is Thumbhof, which means “a fortified hill with a church” (Thumb.Dom.). Downstream on the Havel river there are two forts facing each other, and between them an artillery barrage is shown. The Danes are just retreating from the fortress on the right. On the left, on the right bank of the Elbe, is the Imperial camp. In the left bottom corner of the print, a part of the town of Tangermünd is illustrated. At the top on the left-hand side is the legend A-E.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Abbildung der Stadt und Thumbs Havelberg so von den Dennmarkischen verlassen und von den Kays. eingenommen worden. 1627.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1706

After a defeat near Stadtlohn, and the loss of most of their most experienced generals such as Obentraut, Fuchs, Duke Jana Arnošt of Saxony-Weimer, young Kristian of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Rantzau senior, the Danish King Kristian IV. controlled the Brandenburg territory north of Berlin. He appointed the elderly Count Thurn and George Frederick of Baden-Durlach as the new commanders. The latter occupied the right bank of the river Havel, from Rathenow towards Wittenberg. Towards the end of July, general Tilly advanced across the Elbe and left Hamburg as a supply centre at the rear of his army. As soon as Duke George of Bunswick, a commander serving the Emperor and the league, who controlled the left bank of the Havel including the town of Rathenow and part of the town of Havelberg which lies on the left bank of the river, found out about this movement, he decided to cross the Havel river and attack the Danish positions. He got ready to attack the following day, but in the meantime the Danes retreated to the east, as is depicted on our copperplate, so no major hostilities took place. The described event took place in the second half of August 1627.

119-A drawing of the town of Rochelle in France.

A drawing of the town of Rochelle in France.

La Rochelle, dne 10.08.1627 (do 28.10.1627)

On the height format, the town and fort of La Rochelle is depicted (the capital of the French department of Charente-Inferieure). At the top of the print, there is a harbour and three anchoring ships. Lower down, there is a town surrounded by ramparts and towers. The above inscription is in the image part of the print.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Abrisz der Statt Rochelle in Frankreich.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1720

In the 16th and 17th centuries, there were fierce and bloody battles in France with the Huguenots, i.e. the French Calvinist sect. The French state fought the Huguenots with all their resources (e.g. St. Bartholomew's Day). One of the last battles against the Huguenots was the siege and conquest of the La Rochelle fort and harbour by the royal army under the command of cardinal Richelieu, which lasted from the 10th of August to the 28th of October 1627.

566-A drawing of the town of Rochelle in France.
120-A true representation of the fortified town of Rochelle, with its fortifications, royal camps and field fortifications. 1627.

A true representation of the fortified town of Rochelle, with its fortifications, royal camps and field fortifications. 1627.

La Rochelle, dne 10.08.1627 (do 28.10.1627)

The town of La Rochelle is depicted from a so-called bird's eye view, with a harbour in which many ships are anchored. Around the town there are various military scenes, camps and field fortifications. In the bottom on the right there is a small map of the town environs. The quoted text is in a decorative cartouche in the top part of the picture.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Wahrhafftige Abbildung der vesten Stadt Rochelle mit ihren fortificationen und dem königl. Läger und Schantzen. Anno 1627.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1720

In the 16th and 17th centuries, there were fierce and bloody battles in France with the Huguenots, i.e. the French Calvinist sect. The French state fought the Huguenots with all their resources (e.g. St. Bartholomew's Day). One of the last battles against the Huguenots was the siege and conquest of the La Rochelle fort and harbour by the royal army under the command of cardinal Richelieu, which lasted from the 10th of August to the 28th of October 1627.

121-The Gustavian field fortification

The Gustavian field fortification

Gustow, dne 01.12.1627 (do 31.12.1627)

On the peninsula there is a fortress whose floor plan consists of a star with a building in the middle. On the sea around the peninsula, five ships are sailing. On the dry land there is the small town of Gustow, protected by a field fortification. Troops are attacking the stronghold.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Gustowische Schantz.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1720

During Waldstein's operations in northern Germany in the year 1627, the Imperial general Arnim occupied Pomerania and the entire island of Rügen. At the same time, the entire Gustavian fort, which lies on the island of Rügen opposite the town of Stralsund on the Dönholm sea strait, was besieged and conquered. The invasion of Pomerania and the island of Rügen took place in November 1627.

122-The actual drawing of the Brunswick fort and the princely residence town of Wolfenbüttel, which Mr. Gottfreid Heinrich, Reich Marshal, Lord of Pappenheim etc. clamped, sunk and, on the 24th of December 1627, conquered.

The actual drawing of the Brunswick fort and the princely residence town of Wolfenbüttel, which Mr. Gottfreid Heinrich, Reich Marshal, Lord of Pappenheim etc. clamped, sunk and, on the 24th of December 1627, conquered.

Wolfennbüttel, dne 24.12.1627

In the middle of the picture, there is the town of Wolfenbüttel, lying on the water. On both sides there are battling troops. Around the town there are several swamps and attackers' field fortifications, and at the bottom on the left there are two windmills. At the bottom on the right there is a square with the legend 1-22, and nearby there is a profile of a water dam.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Eigentlicher Abrisz der Braunschweig. Vestung und fürstlichen Residenz Statt Wolfenbüttel, wie solche von Herrn Gottfried Heinrich Reichsmarschallen Herrn zu Pappenheim etc. ploquiert, ins Wasser gesetzt und den 24. Decembris 1627 eingenommen worden.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1723

After the defeat of Kristian of Denmark near Lutter and Barenberg on the 27th of August 1626, the Imperial League side gained a significant advantage over the Protestant camp. For the entire year of 1627 it was occupied by Imperial territories, which had until now been under Danish control. The Danes occupied only a few fortified cities, among them Wolfenbüttel, which was besieged by the Imperial general Pappenheim until the 24th of December 1627, for a period of 4 months. The town garrison numbered 12,000 men under the command of Count Solms, who however abandoned the town and handed over command to general Lohem, who according to orders handed over the town to Pappenheim on the condition of free passage for the garrison, who then dispersed.

123-A drawing of the fortified princely town of Wolffenbüttel which was besieged by the Count of Pappenheim in the name of His Imperial Majesty in 1627.

A drawing of the fortified princely town of Wolffenbüttel which was besieged by the Count of Pappenheim in the name of His Imperial Majesty in 1627.

Wolfennbüttel, dne 24.12.1627

The etching depicts the town of Wolffenbüttel, surrounded by marshes. On both sides of the town there are battle skirmishes and gunshots from rifles. Small forests have been drawn in three places; several gallows have been built near one of them. Above the picture there is the above-quoted text; at the bottom there is a rectangle with the legend 1-12.

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Autor: neznámý

Originální název: Abrisz der vesten fürstlichen Statt Wolfenbüttel, wie solche in Nahmen Kay: May: durch den Gr. von Pappenheim belägert worden 1627.

Katalogová čísla:
Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin – Atlas historique Drugulin: 1723

During his first generalate, after the battle near Lutter (22nd of August 1626), where Tilly defeated Kristian of Denmark, Waldstein and his mighty army pursued the Danish king. The Danes were systematically defeated; only the town of Wolffenbüttel heroically resisted the occupying troops of general Pappenheim. The commander of the town garrison was Count Solms, who for four months successfully defended the town and only on the 24th of December 1627 was forced to hand over the town to his opponent, Count Pappenheim; this was actually done by his representative Lohe. Somls himself escaped from the town before the handover.

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